Table 3.
Summary of out-of-pocket costs by hardship status (out-of-pocket costs in the previous three months)
| Out-of-pocket cost category | n | Minimum | Maximum | Mean (SE) | Mean differencea | Pb | Median (IQR) | Pc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Hardship |
99 |
15 |
5250 |
876 (100) |
54 |
0.7 |
655 (800) |
0.2 |
| No hardship |
136 |
32 |
9460 |
930 (96) |
|
|
540 (720) |
|
| Medical care | ||||||||
| Hardship |
100 |
0 |
6150 |
280 (84) |
76 |
0.5 |
40 (200) |
0.7 |
| No hardship |
82 |
0 |
5250 |
204 (74) |
|
|
53 (150) |
|
| Medications | ||||||||
| Hardship |
128 |
20 |
2000 |
304 (27) |
57 |
0.08 |
200 (280) |
0.6 |
| No hardship |
100 |
0 |
1200 |
247 (18) |
|
|
200 (195) |
|
| Transport* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Hardship |
112 |
0 |
1800 |
268 (26) |
-60 |
0.1 |
200 (304) |
0.2 |
| No hardship |
87 |
0 |
1200 |
328 (33) |
|
|
240 (380) |
|
| Management and supportive care | ||||||||
| Hardship |
55 |
15 |
6430 |
552 (129) |
94 |
0.6 |
265 (500) |
0.8 |
| No hardship | 33 | 6 | 2710 | 458 (113) | 230 (350) | |||
AU$1=US$1=EU€0.73=BGP£0.62; January 2011.
SE: Standard error; IQR: Interquartile range.
* Medically related transport.
a Mean difference: (hardship) - (no hardship).
b Difference in means tested using the independent t-test.
c Difference in distribution of medians tested using the Mann Whitney U test.