Table 1.

Nymphal durations of viruliferous, non-viruliferous, and control populations of Sogatella furcifera at different temperatures

Temperature	Population	Number	Nymphal stage duration (days ± S.E.) *
			2nd instar1)	3rd instar2)	4th instar3)	5th instar4)	Total5)
20°C	Viruliferous	61	6.9 ± 0.3a	5.3 ± 0.2a	5.0 ± 0.1a	6.4 ± 0.1a	23.6 ± 0.5a
	Non-viruliferous	12	7.8 ± 1.8a	6.3 ± 0.3a	4.8 ± 0.3ab	6.3 ± 0.3ab	25.0 ± 1.5a
	Control	36	3.8 ± 0.1b	3.5 ± 0.1b	4.0 ± 0.2b	5.6 ± 0.2b	16.8 ± 0.4b
25°C	Viruliferous	32	2.4 ± 0.2a	2.2 ± 0.1b	2.5 ± 0.0b	3.6 ± 0.1a	11.0 ± 0.4a
	Non-viruliferous	37	2.4 ± 0.1a	2.6 ± 0.1a	3.6 ± 0.1a	3.6 ± 0.1a	10.6 ± 0.2a
	Control	38	2.4 ± 0.1a	2.1 ± 0.1b	2.4 ± 0.1b	3.4 ± 0.1a	10.2 ± 0.2a
28°C	Viruliferous	41	1.2 ± 0.1a	1.9 ± 0.1a	2.0 ± 0.1a	3.0 ± 0.1a	8.4 ± 0.1a
	Non-viruliferous	36	1.6 ± 0.1a	1.9 ± 0.1a	1.9 ± 0.1a	3.0 ± 0.1a	8.5 ± 0.2a
	Control	38	1.8 ± 0.1a	1.8 ± 0.1a	2.0 ± 0.1a	3.0 ± 0.1a	8.4 ± 0.2a

* In the same column at the same temperature, mean values (± SE) followed by different letters differ significantly at the P = 0.05 level by SNK (q-test).

¹⁾ One way ANOVA: F = 45.0, df = 2, P = 0.0001 for 20°C; F = 0.04, df = 2, P = 0.9581 for 25°C; F = 2.5, df = 2, P = 0.0914 for 28°C.

²⁾ One way ANOVA: F = 33.7, df = 2, P = 0.0001 for 20°C; F = 10.0, df = 2, P = 0.0001 for 25°C; F = 0.3, df = 2, P = 0.7229 for 28°C.

³⁾ One way ANOVA: F = 9.0, df = 2, P = 0.0003 for 20°C; F = 151.9, df = 2, P = 0.0001 for 25°C; F = 0.5, df = 2, P = 0.5825 for 28°C.

⁴⁾ One way ANOVA: F = 5.7, df = 2, P = 0.0052 for 20°C; F = 3.3, df = 2, P = 0.0397 for 25°C; F = 0.3, df = 2, P = 0.7547 for 28°C.

⁵⁾ One way ANOVA: F = 54.8, df = 2, P = 0.0001 for 20°C; F = 2.7, df = 2, P = 0.0776 for 25°C; F = 0.1, df = 2, P = 0.8658 for 28°C.