Fig. 3.

Post-procedural scores of VAS, ODI, and numeric neurologic functional grade in patients with CMI. VAS score for low back pain (a) and ODI (b) were improved immediately after vertebroplasty (P < 0.001). Numeric neurologic functional grade (c) gradually improved after the intervention (1 month: P = 0.005; 6–24 months: P < 0.001) for comparison with baseline scores. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). VAS visual analog scale, DND delayed neurologic deficit, CMI clinically meaningful improvement, ODI Oswestry disability index