Table 4.

Effects of chemotherapeutic drugs

Drug	Severity and duration
Chemotherapeutic drugs commonly associated with severe nausea and vomiting
Nitrogen mustard (mustine hydrochloride; mechlorethamine hydrochloride USP)	Occurs in virtually all patients. May be severe, but usually subsides within 24 h
Chloroethyl nitrosoureas, streptozotoci (streptozocin)	Variable, but may be severe. Occurs in nearly all patients. Tolerance improves with each successive dose given on a 5-day schedule
Cis-platinum (cisplatin)	May be very severe. Tolerance improves with intravenous hydration and continuous 5-day infusion. Nausea may persist for several days
Imidazole carboxamide (DTIC; dacarbazine)	Occurs in virtually all patients. Tolerance improves with each successive dose given on a 5-day schedule
Chemotherapeutic drugs commonly associated with mucositis
Methotrexate	May be quite severe with prolonged infusions or if renal function is compromised. Severity is enhanced by irradiation. May be prevented with administration of adequate citrovorum rescue factor (folinic acid; leucovorin)
5-Fluorouracil (fluorouracil USP)	Severity increase with higher doses, frequency of cycles, and arterial infusions
Actinomycin D (dactinomycin USP)	Very common; may prevent oral alimentation. Severity enhanced by irradiation
Adriamycin (doxorubicin)	May be severe and ulcerative. Increased in presence of liver disease. Severity enhanced by irradiation
Bleomycin	May be severe and ulcerative
Vinblastine	Frequently ulcerative

Source: [81]