Figure 4.

ROI timecourses for the grand average across each language/modality. At 80–120 ms in left PT, auditory words (blue lines) show a strong modality-specific peak. From 150 to 200 ms, written words (red lines) show a word encoding peak in left vOT, and signed words (black lines) show a word encoding effect in right IPS. During a later time window from 300 to 400 ms (thick gray bars), all conditions show similar responses in most left hemisphere regions, but signed words show much stronger responses in right hemisphere regions, including LOT, IPS, and PT. Asterisks represent statistically significant differences. Abbreviations: IPS, intraparietal sulcus; LOT, lateral occipitotemporal; PT, planum temporale; STS, superior temporal sulcus; TP, temporal pole; vOT, ventral occipitotemporal.