Table 1.
Demographic, Smoking, Affective, and Substance Use Characteristics of Low Hostile and High Hostile Participants
| Low Hostile (n = 48) |
High Hostile (n = 48) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | % or Mean (SD) |
% or Mean (SD) |
|
| Demographics | |||
| % Female | 50.0 | 50.0 | ns |
| Age | 43.0 (13.2) | 37.4 (12.5) | .04 |
| Race | |||
| % White | 85.4 | 56.3 | .03 |
| % African American | 10.4 | 20.8 | |
| % American Indian | 0.0 | 2.1 | |
| % Asian | 0.0 | 2.1 | |
| % Latino | 0.0 | 10.4 | |
| % >1 Race | 4.2 | 8.3 | |
| Years of education | 13.1 (1.9) | 12.9 (2.2) | ns |
| % Married | 25.0 | 12.5 | ns |
| Smoking Variables | |||
| FTND | 5.3 (1.9) | 5.5 (2.4) | ns |
| Cigarettes per day | 21.0 (6.1) | 22.3 (11.0) | ns |
| Contemplation ladder1 | 4.8 (1.4) | 4.3 (1.3) | .03 |
| Temptation scale- Positive Affect/Social2 | 4.1 (0.8) | 4.3 (0.9) | ns |
| Temptation scale- Negative affect2 | 3.8 (1.1) | 4.5 (0.7) | .0006 |
| Temptation scale- Habit/craving2 | 3.4 (0.9) | 3.7 (1.0) | ns |
| Affective Variables | |||
| Depressive symptoms (CES-D)3 | 6.3 (5.0) | 16.4 (9.7) | <.0001 |
| Negative mood (PANAS)4 | 12.0 (3.1) | 15.0 (5.3) | .001 |
| Positive mood (PANAS)4 | 32.8 (8.9) | 31.9 (9.3) | ns |
| % History of major depression | 29.1 | 50.0 | .03 |
| Substance Use | |||
| Average drinks per week | 4.5 (5.7) | 6.6 (9.5) | ns |
| % Heavy drinking days | 6.9 (11.1) | 8.8 (15.8) | ns |
| % Lifetime alcohol dependence | 16.7 | 41.7 | .007 |
| % Using other drugs currently | 20.8 | 25.0 | ns |
Note: p-values are based on t-test for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables. FTND= Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence
1
Scores range from 1 (no interest in quitting) to 10 (have quit and will never smoke again).
2
Scores range from 1 = not tempted at all to 5 = extremely tempted.
3
Scores range from 0 to 60.
4
Scores range from 0 to 40.