Table 2.

Summary of investigations and definitions.

Outcome	Definition	CARRIAGE Family N evaluated (280)	GOGO cohort N evaluated (708)
Hand OA - modified* American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria	hard tissue enlargement of two or more of 10 selected joints hard tissue enlargement of two or more DIP joints fewer than three swollen metacarpophalangeal (MCP)	√ (47)
Hand OA - GOGO criteria	a minimum of 3 joint bony enlargement (of distal or proximal interphalangeal joints - DIP and PIP) or first carpometacarpal (CMC1) squaring, and two of the three joints involving the same joint group bony enlargement of at least one DIP of digits 2–5 bilateral hand involvement ) no more than three swollen MCPs	√ (52)
Non-Hand OA	Lacks Hand OA by modified* ACR criteria	√ (233)	√ (167)
Non-Hand OA	Lacks Hand OA by GOGO criteria	√ (228)
Non-DIP OA	No radiographic OA based on Kellgren Lawrence grade <2 bilaterally in all joints of a group		√ (77)
Non-PIP OA			√ (135)
Non-CMC1 OA			√ (333)
Non-Knee OA	No radiographic OA based on Kellgren Lawrence grade <2 in joint group bilaterally		√ (374)
Non-Hip OA			√ (399)
Non-Knee and Hip OA			√ (251)
Knee OA - clinical ACR criteria	knee pain and a minimum of 3 of 6 other features: age greater than 50 years old morning stiffness less than 30 minutes crepitus bony tenderness bony enlargement absence of palpable warmth	√ (115)
Hypermobility evaluation	Beighton criteria treated as a continuous variable (0–9) or as a dichotomous variable (non-hypermobility <4; hypermobility ≥4)	√ (280)	√ (708)
Serum COMP and HA		√ (271)	√ (708)

^*We did not utilize the ACR hand symptoms and deformity criteria as part of our definition of hand OA, so we refer to these as modified ACR criteria; COMP=cartilage oligomeric matrix protein; HA=hyaluronan

CARRIAGE family N of 280 is the final number evaluated after excluding 5 under 25 years old and 2 with rheumatoid arthritis