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. 2012 Oct;10(5):462–471. doi: 10.1089/bio.2012.0027

FIG. 3.

FIG. 3.

The predicted relative equilibrium cell volume as a function of subzero temperature for cells using ideal and non-ideal models of the cytoplasm. (A) TF-1 cells, (B) HUVECs, (C) porcine chondrocytes, (D) human hepatocytes, (E) porcine hepatocytes, and (F) mouse oocytes. The dashed lines are predicted using the ideal osmotic equilibrium equation (Eq. 7) to determine the cell volume as a function of temperature. The solid lines are predicted using the non-ideal osmotic equilibrium equation (Eq. 11) to determine the cell volume as a function of temperature. The percent error was calculated at −40°C.