TABLE 1—
Unadjusted Associations Between Baseline Characteristics and Repetition of Nonfatal Self-Harm and Dying by Suicide: New Jersey, 2003–2007
| Cohort Members With Subsequent Self-Harm Episodes |
|||
| Variable | Index Self-Harm Cohort, No. (%) | Nonfatal,a No. (%) | Suicide, No. (%) |
| Total | 3600 (100.0) | 486 (13.5) | 48 (1.3) |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 1497 (41.6) | 207 (13.8) | 34 (2.3) |
| Female | 2103 (58.4) | 279 (13.3) | 14 (0.7) |
| Baseline age group, y | |||
| 15–34 | 1813 (50.4) | 216 (11.9) | 20 (1.1) |
| 35–54 | 1363 (37.9) | 229 (16.8) | 21 (1.5) |
| ≥ 55 | 424 (11.8) | 41 (9.7) | 7 (1.7) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White, non-Hispanic | 2403 (66.8) | 366 (15.2) | 43 (1.8) |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 443 (12.3) | 52 (11.7) | 0 (0.0) |
| Hispanic | 468 (13.0) | 48 (10.3) | 3 (0.6) |
| Other | 286 (7.9) | 20 (7.0) | 2 (0.7) |
| ICU visit at index episode | |||
| No | 2289 (63.6) | 313 (13.7) | 19 (0.8) |
| Yes (no procedures indicating severe injury)b | 1024 (28.4) | 135 (13.2) | 17 (1.7) |
| Yes (underwent procedures indicating severe injury)b | 287 (8.0) | 38 (13.2) | 12 (4.2) |
| Index method used | |||
| Cutting | 478 (13.3) | 85 (17.8) | 7 (1.5) |
| Drug overdose | 2751 (76.4) | 352 (12.8) | 32 (1.2) |
| Otherc | 371 (10.3) | 49 (13.2) | 9 (2.4) |
| Psychiatric diagnoses at baseline | |||
| 0 | 238 (6.6) | 18 (7.6) | 1 (0.4) |
| 1 | 1473 (40.9) | 145 (9.8) | 22 (1.5) |
| ≥ 2 | 1889 (52.5) | 323 (17.1) | 25 (1.3) |
| Baseline psychiatric diagnosis category | |||
| Depression | 2027 (56.3) | 271 (13.4) | 27 (1.3) |
| Anxiety | 542 (15.1) | 87 (16.1) | 4 (0.7) |
| Personality | 311 (8.6) | 61 (19.6) | 5 (1.6) |
| Bipolar | 550 (15.3) | 122 (22.2) | 9 (1.6) |
| Drug problem | 1014 (28.2) | 168 (16.6) | 13 (1.3) |
| Alcohol problem | 816 (22.7) | 138 (16.9) | 17 (2.1) |
| Schizophrenia | 233 (6.5) | 52 (22.3) | 7 (3.0) |
| Other | 625 (17.4) | 54 (8.6) | 4 (0.6) |
| Nonfatal self-harm episodes over study period | |||
| ≥ 1 (index) | 3600 (100.0) | 486 (13.5) | 48 (1.3) |
| ≥ 2 | 486 (13.5) | 128 (26.3) | 10 (2.1) |
| ≥ 3 | 128 (3.6) | 47 (36.7) | 4 (3.1) |
| ≥ 4 | 47 (1.3) | 25 (53.2) | 1 (2.1) |
Note. ICU = intensive care unit. Totals may not add to 100% because of rounding.
Percentage of index cohort with subsequent episode.
ICU procedures indicating medically severe injury were spinal tap, temporary tracheostomy, insertion of intercostal catheter for drainage, venous catheterization for renal dialysis, hemodialysis, exploratory laparotomy, measurement of systemic arterial blood gases, noninvasive mechanical ventilation, insertion of endotracheal tube, enteral infusion of nutritional substances, continuous invasive mechanical ventilation, transfusion of packed cells, transfusion of other serum, and parenteral infusion of concentrated nutritional substances.
Other methods were 6 drownings, 26 falls, 12 carbon monoxide poisonings, and 38 hangings.