TABLE 2—

House Price Change and Physical Health Outcomes in 2006: Health and Retirement Study, United States

		Stratified on % of Total Wealth Portfolio in Housing
Outcome Variable	All Homeowners	95%–100%	1%–94%	0% (Renters)
Functional health outcomes
ADL difficulties, % yes
b (SE)	−6.3 (3.2)	−3.5 (5.8)	−7.1 (3.9)	5.6 (6.4)
P	.05	.55	.07	.38
Full balance, % yes
b (SE)	10.4 (4.0)	13.9 (12.3)	10.3 (4.4)	–3.6 (10.6)
P	.01	.26	.02	.73
Able to attempt timed walk
b (SE)	6.2 (3.2)	3.5 (12.3)	5.9 (2.9)	–10.8 (12.6)
P	.05	.78		.39
Timed walk, participants only, s
b (SE)	–0.07 (0.16)	–1.3 (0.83)	–0.03 (0.19)	0.22 (0.60)
P	.66	.14	.89	.71
Lung capacity, peak flow, L/min
b (SE)	−0.75 (10.4)	53.8a (29.1)	−5.5 (11.8)	–45.7 (26.1)
P	.94	.07	.64	.08
Cardiovascular risk outcomes
Waist circumference, in
b (SE)	–1.2 (0.63)	–1.8 (1.7)	–1.2 (0.63)	1.3 (1.4)
P	.06	.3	.07	.36
Incident CVD
b (SE)	–1.0 (2.9)	–6.2 (7.9)	1.1 (3.3)	3.7 (6.7)
P	.73	.44	.74	.58
Systolic BP (mm Hg)
b (SE)	1.8 (2.3)	2.1 (7.6)	3.2 (2.5)	–7.4 (6.0)
P	.42	.88	.2	.22
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)
b (SE)	0.55 (1.3)	2.4 (4.3)	1.3 (1.4)	–3.3 (3.8)
P	.67	.58	.38	.38

Note. ADL = activities of daily living; BP = blood pressure; CVD = cardiovascular disease. Parameter estimates are log of 2006 house price and can be interpreted as the change in the outcome associated with moving from the 10th to the 90th percentile in terms of housing price appreciation. Standard errors are robust to heteroskedasticity, with clustering at the zip code level. Other covariates include house price at baseline, house price in 2006, housing equity at baseline, nonhousing wealth at baseline, nonhousing debt at baseline, birth year, education, sex, race, ethnicity, health behaviors at baseline, self-rated health at baseline, activities of daily living at baseline, and diagnosed hypertensive at baseline.

^aDifferent from the 1%–94% column at P < .05.