. 2013 Jun;103(6):1039–1045. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.301205

TABLE 3—

Placebo Regressions—Baseline Outcomes and Subsequent Price Appreciation: Health and Retirement Study, United States, 1992–2006

Placebo	2006 Housing Valuation, ln (SE)	P (H₀: b = 0)
Baseline or prebaseline health outcomes
ADL difficulties, % points	−2.8 (3.3)	.4
Diagnosed with CVD, % points	−2.1 (2.5)	.41
Diagnosed diabetic, % points	2.8 (1.7)	.1
Diagnosed hypertensive, % points	−10.0 (3.4)	< .01
Diagnosed lung disease, % points	0.3 (1.7)	.86
Diagnosed arthritis or rheumatism, % points	−0.9 (3.3)	.8
Diagnosed cancer, % points	−0.00 (1.5)	.99
Self-reported sight fair or poor, % points	1.0 (1.9)	.59
Uses a hearing aid, % points	0.4 (0.7)	.55
Correctly subtracted sevens 5 times, % points	5.2 (7.3)	.48
Recalled > 5 words after long delay, % points	4.4 (7.7)	.57
Recalled > 6 words after short delay, % points	9.5 (7.6)	.21
Height (measured in 2006), in.	0.09 (0.28)	.74
CAGE score > 1 (problem drinking or alcoholism risk), % points	2.7 (2.3)	.23
CES–D-8 score (depression), item count (0–8)	0.06 (0.09)	.48
Self-reported expectations (baseline)
Rain tomorrow likely,^a % points	−0.1 (2.4)	.97
Cost of living likely^a to increase faster than income, % points	2.2 (2.8)	.43
Major economic depression likely^a in the next decade, % points	−0.6 (3.7)	.88
Social Security payments likely^a to decline, % points	3.1 (2.9)	.29
House prices likely^a to grow faster than prices in general, % points	9.2 (4.3)	.03
Likely^a to give help to offspring of ≥ $5000, % points	7.5 (3.6)	.04
Likely^a to bequeath ≥ $10 000 to offspring, % points	5.7 (3.6)	.11

Note. ADL = activities of daily living; CAGE = “Cut down/Annoyed/Guilty/Eye Opener” inventory; CES–D–8 = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, 8-item instrument; CVD = cardiovascular disease.

^{^a}

“Likely” means that the respondent rated the probability of the event happening as at least a 5 on a 10-point scale (0 = “absolutely no chance”; 10 = “absolutely certain”).