TABLE 1—
Intent-to-Treat Analyses by Site: Legacy for Children Project
| Miami |
Los Angeles |
|||||
| Scale/Age, Mo (Subscale) | No. | OR (95% CI) | Effect Sizea | No. | OR (95% CI) | Effect Sizea |
| BITSEA/12 | ||||||
| Behavioral concerns | 261 | 0.67 (0.41, 1.11) | −0.22 | 236 | 0.70 (0.41, 1.21) | −0.20 |
| Socioemotional problems | 261 | 0.81 (0.42, 1.59) | −0.12 | 235 | 0.75 (0.35, 1.59) | −0.16 |
| “High screen” (either indicator) | 268 | 0.69 (0.41, 1.15) | −0.21 | 236 | 0.62b (0.37, 1.05) | -0.26 |
| DECA/24 | ||||||
| Behavioral concerns | 254 | 0.51* (0.30, 0.85) | -0.37 | 226 | 0.79 (0.44, 1.41) | −0.13 |
| Socioemotional problems | 255 | 0.98 (0.54, 1.80) | −0.01 | 228 | 0.53 (0.22, 1.28) | −0.35 |
| DECA/36 | ||||||
| Behavioral concerns | 224 | 0.68 (0.38, 1.20) | −0.21 | 204 | 1.23 (0.64, 2.40) | 0.11 |
| Socioemotional problems | 225 | 1.78 (0.81, 3.91) | 0.32 | 206 | 1.07 (0.46, 2.46) | 0.04 |
| DECA/48 | ||||||
| Behavioral concerns | 208 | 0.60 (0.32, 1.13) | −0.28 | 202 | 0.62 (0.30, 1.29) | −0.26 |
| Socioemotional problems | 208 | 0.40*(0.16, 0.99) | −0.51 | 202 | 1.00 (0.37, 2.71) | 0.00 |
| DECA/60 | ||||||
| Behavioral concerns | 194 | 0.56 (0.28, 1.14) | −0.32 | 187 | 0.62 (0.27, 1.45) | −0.26 |
| Socioemotional problems | 195 | 1.00 (0.41, 2.40) | 0.00 | 190 | 0.41b (0.16, 1.10) | −0.49 |
| SDQ/48 | ||||||
| Emotional symptomsc | 208 | … | … | 202 | … | … |
| Conduct problems | 208 | 0.64 (0.36, 1.13) | −0.25 | 202 | 0.72 (0.40, 1.30) | −0.18 |
| Hyperactivity (Goodman et al.64 criteria) | 208 | 0.83 (0.37, 1.86) | −0.10 | 202 | 1.98 (0.62, 6.38) | 0.38 |
| Hyperactivity (Ullebø et al.65 criteria) | 208 | 0.63 (0.36, 1.11) | −0.26 | 202 | 0.92 (0.52, 1.64) | −0.05 |
| Peer problems | 208 | 0.94 (0.52, 1.69) | −0.03 | 202 | 1.24 (0.62, 2.46) | 0.12 |
| Prosocial behaviorc | 208 | … | … | 202 | … | … |
| SDQ/60 | ||||||
| Emotional symptomsc | 194 | … | … | 187 | … | … |
| Conduct problems | 194 | 0.72 (0.39, 1.30) | −0.18 | 187 | 1.06 (0.55, 2.03) | 0.03 |
| Hyperactivity (Goodman et al.64 criteria) | 194 | 0.57 (0.22, 1.44) | −0.31 | 187 | 0.74 (0.28, 1.98) | −0.17 |
| Hyperactivity (Ullebø et al.65 criteria) | 194 | 0.70 (0.39, 1.30) | −0.20 | 187 | 0.50* (0.27, 0.93) | −0.38 |
| Peer problems | 194 | 1.28 (0.65, 2.54) | 0.14 | 187 | 0.73 (0.35, 1.55) | −0.17 |
| Prosocial behaviorc | 194 | … | … | 187 | … | … |
Note. BITSEA = Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment60; CI = confidence interval; DECA = Devereux Early Childhood Assessment61; OR = odds ratio; SDQ = Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.63 Prevention effects for all variables are indicated by smaller odds ratios and larger negative effect sizes.
a
Effect size, analogous to Cohen d,66 calculated using Chinn’s simple method for converting odds ratios.67
b
OR approached significance (P < .1).
c
Site sample sizes were too small (n < 5) to allow for meaningful statistical comparisons; therefore, those odds ratios were not calculated. The Fisher exact test failed to reveal statistical significance.
*P < .05.