Table 2.

Changes Over Time in the Odds of In‐Hospital and 30‐Day CFR in Patients Hospitalized With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

Study Year	In‐Hospital CFR% (n)	Crude Odds Ratio	Age and Sex Adjusted Odds Ratio	Multivariable Adjusted Odds Ratio*	30‐Day CFR% (n)	Crude Odds Ratio	Age and Sex Adjusted Odds Ratio	Multivariable Adjusted Odds Ratio*
Total population
1995*(n=1949)	8.5 (166)	1.0	1.0	1.0	8.5 (152)	1.0	1.0	1.0
2000 (n=2587)	5.5 (142)	0.62 (0.53 to 0.74)*	0.61 (0.52 to 0.71)	0.66 (0.59 to 0.72)	9.4 (229)	1.11 (0.83 to 1.48)*	1.07 (0.82, 1.39)	1.05 (0.82 to 1.34)
2002 (n=2743)	8.3 (227)	0.97 (0.80 to 1.17)	0.95 (0.77 to 1.16)	1.00 (0.78 to 1.30)	8.3 (208)	0.96 (0.81 to 1.15)	0.93 (0.80, 1.07)	0.90 (0.76 to 1.05)
2004 (n=2469)	6.8 (169)	0.79 (0.69 to 0.90)	0.77 (0.66 to 0.90)	0.72 (0.61 to 0.84)	7.1 (163)	0.82 (0.59 to 1.14)	0.78 (0.61, 1.00)	0.73 (0.50 to 1.05)
Incident (newly diagnosed) cases only
1995* (n=508)	7.9 (40)	1.0	1.0	1.0	6.6 (31)	1.0	1.0	1.0
2000 (n=645)	5.7 (37)	0.71 (0.42 to 1.21)*	0.71 (0.42 to 1.20)	0.84 (0.50 to 1.42)	7.9 (48)	1.21 (0.85 to 1.73)*	1.16 (0.78, 1.74)	1.09 (0.83 to 1.44)
2002 (n=783)	9.8 (77)	1.26 (0.86 to 1.86)	1.27 (0.87 to 1.85)	1.37 (1.12 to 1.67)	5.5 (39)	0.83 (0.47 to 1.44)	0.80 (0.42, 1.50)	0.64 (0.41 to 1.02)
2004 (n=898)	6.8 (61)	0.86 (0.64 to 1.14)	0.84 (0.65 to 1.10)	0.74 (0.50 to 1.10)	6.3 (53)	0.96 (0.74 to 1.23)	0.91 (0.64, 1.28)	0.57 (0.35 to 0.96)

CFR indicates case‐fatality rates.

^*Controlled for age, sex, race, clustering by hospital, history of anemia, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, renal disease or stroke, estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum glucose, sodium, and blood urea nitrogen levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and length of hospital stay.

^*1995 is the referent year.

^*95% CI.