Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Cases and Controls
| Cases | Controls | |
|---|---|---|
| Patients, n | 9097 | 90 495 |
| Enrollment in KPNW system, y | 4.5 (3.0) | 4.5 (3.0) |
| Age, y | ||
| Median (IQR) | 51 (45 to 56) | 51 (45 to 56) |
| 35 to 45, n (%) | 2531 (27.0) | 24 447 (27.8) |
| 45 to 55, n (%) | 4102 (45.0) | 40 742 (45.1) |
| 55 to 65, n (%) | 2464 (28.0) | 25 306 (27.1) |
| Male% | 55.2 | 44.8 |
| FPG, mg/dL | 104 (12.5) | 96 (11.2) |
| Blood pressure, mm Hg | ||
| Systolic | 134 (16.5) | 129 (16.8) |
| Diastolic | 83 (9.8) | 80 (10.0) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 34 (7.4) | 30 (7.1) |
| Lipid panel, mg/dL | ||
| HDL | 45 (12.8) | 51 (12.2) |
| LDL | 130 (36.9) | 130 (38.0) |
| TRI | 225 (224.4) | 179 (179.3) |
| Ever smoke, n (%) | 3548 (39.0) | 34 841 (38.5) |
| Corticosteroid use*, n (%) | 184 (2.0) | 2423 (2.7) |
| Statin use*, n (%) | 1791 (19.7) | 20 377 (22.5) |
| CV disease*, n (%) | 515 (5.7) | 6028 (6.7) |
| Diabetes diagnosis | ||
| FPG, n (%) | 6523 (71.7) | |
| FPG, mg/dL | 155 (52.0) | |
| RPG, n (%) | 1300 (14.3) | |
| RPG, mg/dL | 281 (115.0) | |
| New antidiabetic drug use, n (%) | 655 (7.2) | |
| HbA1c%, n (%) | 619 (6.8) | |
| HbA1c% | 7.7 (1.1) | |
Values are mean (standard deviation) unless otherwise indicated. KPNW indicates Kaiser Permanente Northwest; IQR, intraquartile range; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; TRI, triglycerides; RPG, random plasma glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.
Corticosteroid use included any dispensed prescription for oral prednisone, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, triamcinolone, methylprednisolone, or prednisolone; statin use included any dispensed prescription for pravastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, or fluvastatin.
CV disease was defined as diagnosis of stroke, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, or peripheral vascular disease before cohort entry.