Table 2.
A summary of current opioid receptor-dependent signaling
| Receptor | Cascade/Signaling pathway | Model | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mu Opioid Receptor | ↑ERK 1/2 (GRK3 and arrestin dependent) | In vivo (Murine) | Macey et al. 2006 (71) |
| ↑ERK 1/2 (arestin dependent) | Astrocyctes | Miyatake et al. 2009 (72) | |
| ↓ERK 1/2 (Chronic activation) | Astrocyctes | Ikeda et al. 2010 (76) | |
| ↑JNK 2 (PKC dependent) | In vivo and HEK293 | Melief et al. 2010 (168) | |
| Tan et al. 2009 (97) | |||
| ↑Stat3 Phosphorylation | In vivo (Murine) and CMT- 93 |
Goldsmith et al 2011 (169) | |
| Kappa Opioid Receptor | ↑ERK1/2 | Astrocytes | Belcheva et al. 2005 (170) |
| In vivo | Bruchas et al. 2006 (48) | ||
| McLennan et al. 2008 (171) | |||
| Bruchas et al. 2008 (172) | |||
| Potter et al 2011 (148) | |||
| ↑p38 MAPK (Dependent on GRK3 and arrestin) | Striatal neurons | Bruchas et al. 2006 (173) | |
| Astrocytes | Bruchas et al. 2007 (96) | ||
| In vivo | Xu et al. 2007 (93), | ||
| Bruchas et al. 2011 (150) | |||
| ↑ JNK 1 | In vivo | Melief et al. 2010 (168) | |
| Melief et al. 2011 (32) | |||
| ↑JAK2/STAT3 and IRF2 signaling cascade | PBMCs | Finley et al. 2011 (174) | |
| Delta Opioid Receptor | ↑ERK 1/2 | HEK293 | Eisinger et al. 2009(175) |
| Eisinger et al. 2004 (176) | |||
| Audet et al. 2005 (177) | |||
| ↑ERK 1/2 (Integrin stimulated EGFR mediated) | HEK293 | Eisinger et al. 2008 (79) | |
| ↑ERK 1/2 (Integrin stimulated Trk1 mediated) | NG108-15 | Eisinger et al. 2008 (79) | |
| ↑ PI3K/AKT/ ↓GSK-3β | DOR transfected CHO cells | Olianas et al. 2011a (178) | |
| Rat Nac | |||
| NG108-15 | |||
| NG108-15 | Heiss et al. 2009 (179) | ||
| ↑PI3K/↓GSK-3β (SRC and AMPK dependent) | DOR transfected CHO cells | Olianas et al. 2011b (180) | |
| ↑PI3K (SRC and IGF-1 Dependent) | DOR transfected CHO cells | Olianas et al. 2011c (181) | |
| ↑JNK (AKT dependent Pi3K mediated) | T cells | Shahabi et al. 2006 (89) | |
| ORL-1 | ↑ERK 1/2 | Neuro-2a cells | Harrison et al. 2010 (24) |
| Rats Nac | Chen et al. 2008 (83) | ||
| In vivo (Porcine) | Ross et al. 2005(182) | ||
| ↑p38 MAPK | NG108-15 | Zhang et al. 1999 (98) | |
| ↑JNK | COS7 and NG108-15 | Chan et al. 2000 (183) | |
| In vivo | Ross et al. 2005 (182) | ||
↑= Activation, ↓= Deactivation
Abbreviations: AKT- Serine\threonine protein kinase; CHO- Chinese hamster ovary cells; CMT-93- Mouse rectum carcinoma cells; COS7- Monkey kidney fibroblast cell line ERK1 and 2- Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2; HEK293- human embryonic kidney cells; IGF-1- Insulin-like growth factor 1; IRF2- Interferon regulatory factor 2; JAK2- Janus kinase 2; JNK 1 and 2- c-Jun N-terminal kinase; MAPK- p38 mitogen activated protein kinase; NG 108-15- Neuroblastoma glioma hybrid cell line; p38 STAT3- Signal transducer and activator transcription 3; PBMC- Peripheral blood mononuclear cell; PI3K- Phosphoinositide 3-kinase; SRC- Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase