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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Causes Control. 2012 Jun 7;24(4):649–664. doi: 10.1007/s10552-012-9999-5

Table 2.

Relationship Between Tobacco Use and SCCHN Within the Carolina Head and Neck Cancer Study (CHANCE) 2002–2006, Stratified by Race

Overall African-Americans Whites
Cases Controls Crude Adjusted Cases Controls Crude Adjusted Cases Controls Crude Adjusted
n % n % OR OR 95% CI n % n % OR OR 95% CI n % n % OR OR 95% CI
Current Cigarette Use
Never smoked 173 12.9 525 38.1 1 1 16 4.6 103 39 1 1 157 15.9 422 37.9 1 1
Ex-smoker 394 29.5 583 42.3 2.16 1.63 1.26, 2.11 80 22.9 97 36.7 5.68 5.73 2.66, 12.4 314 31.8 486 43.7 1.83 1.37 1.04, 1.81
Current Smoker 770 40.3 269 19.5 8.26 3.92 3.00, 5.13 253 72.5 64 24.2 25.8 15.1 7.11, 32.0 517 52.3 205 18.4 6.53 3.14 2.36, 4.20
Likelihood Ratio Test: χ2 = 19.0 df=2, P <0.001
Cigarettes Per Day
Never Smokers 173 13 525 38.2 1 1 16 4.6 103 39 1 1 157 15.9 422 37.9 1 1
1–19 231 17.3 338 24.6 1.95 1.48 1.12, 1.97 107 30.6 95 36 7.38 6.39 3.00, 13.6 124 12.6 243 21.9 1.43 1.14 0.83, 1.58
20+ 931 69.7 512 37.2 5.87 3.14 2.44, 4.05 227 64.9 66 25 22.6 15.1 7.09, 32.3 704 71.5 446 40.1 4.57 2.51 1.92, 3.27
Likelihood Ratio Test: χ2 = 26.3 df=2, P <0.001
Years Smoked
Never Smokers 173 13 525 38.2 1 1 16 4.7 103 39 1 1 157 15.9 422 38.1 1 1
1–19 119 9 294 21.4 1.08 1.03 0.75, 1.41 19 5.5 55 20.8 2.05 2.75 1.10, 6.90 100 10.1 239 21.6 0.99 0.92 0.65, 1.28
20–39 499 37.6 334 24.3 3.95 2.47 1.87, 3.25 179 52.2 69 26.1 13.7 11.1 5.16, 23.9 320 32.4 265 23.9 3 1.89 1.41, 2.55
40–49 344 25.9 142 10.3 9.83 5.18 3.74, 7.19 90 26.2 31 11.7 30.6 21.4 8.87, 51.4 254 25.8 111 10 8.01 4.24 2.98, 6.05
50+ 194 14.6 78 5.68 14.5 6.36 4.28, 9.43 39 11.4 6 2.27 95.5 47.3 13.3, 167 155 15.7 72 6.49 10.7 4.91 3.25, 7.42
Likelihood Ratio Test: χ2 = 26.5 df=4, P <0.001
Years Since Quitting
Never Smoked 173 12.9 525 38.1 1 1 16 4.6 103 39 1 1 157 15.9 422 37.9 1 1
Current Smokers 770 57.6 269 19.5 8.31 4.05 3.09, 5.30 253 72.5 64 24.2 26.2 15.4 7.26, 32.8 517 52.3 205 18.4 6.55 3.2 2.41, 4.31
1–9 167 12.5 111 8.1 4.63 2.98 2.11, 4.20 40 11.5 20 7.6 14.2 13 5.15, 32.7 127 12.9 91 8.2 3.77 2.36 1.62, 3.44
10–19 93 7 138 10 2.07 1.45 1.01, 2.09 22 6.3 27 10.2 5.28 4.46 1.70, 11.7 71 7.2 111 10 1.76 1.25 0.84, 1.87
20+ 134 10 334 24.3 1.28 1.16 0.85, 1.58 18 5.2 50 18.9 2.16 2.75 1.06, 7.13 116 11.7 284 25.5 1.17 1.04 0.75, 1.44
Likelihood Ratio Test: χ2 = 20.4 df=4, P <0.001
Age Started Smoking
Never Smokers 173 13 525 38.2 1 1 16 4.6 103 39 1 1 157 15.9 422 38 1 1
<17 706 53 405 29.5 5.37 2.7 2.07, 3.52 201 58.3 65 24.6 21.9 14.9 6.83, 32.4 505 51.2 340 30.6 4.1 2.05 1.55, 2.73
17–24 403 30.3 389 28.3 3.22 2.22 1.71, 2.89 114 33 84 31.8 8.71 6.91 3.24, 14.7 289 29.3 305 27.5 2.73 1.95 1.47, 2.59
25+ 50 3.8 55 4 2.89 2.01 1.22, 3.29 14 4.1 12 4.6 8.48 9.26 2.81, 30.5 36 3.7 43 3.9 2.37 1.56 0.90, 2.73
Likelihood Ratio Test: χ2 = 29.0 df=3, P <0.001
Type of Cigarette
Never Smokers 173 13 525 38.3 1 1 16 4.6 103 39.2 1 1 157 15.9 422 38.1 1 1
Filtered Menthols 277 20.8 180 13.1 3.98 2.37 1.74, 3.25 147 42.1 78 29.7 14 7.18 3.36, 15.3 130 13.2 102 9.21 3.45 2.15 1.49, 3.10
Filtered Non-menthols 581 43.5 377 27.5 4.6 2.55 1.98, 3.31 108 31 44 16.7 28 15.3 6.67, 35.1 473 48 333 30.1 3.42 2.04 1.55, 2.67
Filtered Menthols and Non-menthols 70 5.24 63 4.6 3.19 1.91 1.20, 3.02 20 5.73 11 4.2 19.4 8.29 2.54, 27.0 50 5.1 52 4.69 2.22 1.56 0.94, 2.59
Unfiltered 75 5.62 101 7.37 2.95 1.58 1.03, 2.42 18 5.16 13 4.9 19.9 9.12 2.95, 28.3 57 5.8 88 7.94 2.06 1.23 0.77, 1.96
Both filtered and unfiltered menthols and/or non-menthols 159 11.9 125 9.2 4.81 2.61 1.81, 3.77 40 11.5 14 5.3 38.1 15.8 5.48, 45.7 119 12.1 111 10 3.14 2.05 1.39, 3.04
Likelihood Ratio Test: χ2 = 28.4 df=5, P <0.001
Ever Cigar
No 1010 75.5 1060 77 1 1 276 79.1 214 81.1 1 1 734 74.3 846 76 1 1
Yes 327 24.5 317 23 1.05 0.87 0.68, 1.13 73 20.9 50 18.9 0.98 1.03 0.61, 1.74 254 25.7 267 24 1.07 0.84 0.63, 1.12
Likelihood Ratio Test: χ2 = 0.47 df=1, P =0.49
Ever Pipe
No 1122 83.9 1099 79.9 1 1 315 90 232 87.9 1 1 734 74.3 846 76 1 1
Yes 215 16.1 276 20.1 0.8 0.75 0.56, 1.00 35 10 32 12.1 0.79 0.76 0.39, 1.50 180 18.3 244 22 0.8 0.75 0.55, 1.01
Likelihood Ratio Test: χ2 = 0.006 df=1, P =0.94
Ever Chew
No 1128 84.2 1218 88.5 1 1 298 84.9 241 91.3 1 1 734 74.3 846 76 1 1
Yes 211 15.8 159 11.6 1.46 1.18 0.87, 1.61 53 15 23 8.7 1.96 1.72 0.84, 3.51 158 16 136 12.2 1.36 1.1 0.80, 1.53
Likelihood Ratio Test: χ2 = 1.31 df=1, P =0.25
Ever Snuff
No 1268 94.6 1325 96.3 1 1 318 90.6 252 95.5 1 1 734 74.3 846 76 1 1
Yes 72 5.4 51 3.7 1.41 0.99 0.61, 1.60 33 9.4 12 4.6 2.98 2.35 0.93, 5.95 39 3.9 39 3.51 0.99 0.72 0.42, 1.26
Likelihood Ratio Test: χ2 = 4.92 df=1, P =0.027
Tobacco Type
None 127 9.5 442 32.1 1 1 8 2.3 88 33.3 1 1 119 12.1 354 31.8 1 1
Cigarettes Only 801 60 490 35.6 5.62 2.87 2.19, 3.75 250 71.6 104 39.4 26.9 14.4 5.88, 35.5 551 55.9 386 34.9 4.30 2.29 1.72, 3.04
Cigars and/or Pipes 33 2.5 58 4.2 2.08 1.64 0.94, 2.83 3 0.9 6 2.3 4.52 5.57 0.82, 37.9 30 3.0 52 4.7 1.79 1.38 0.78, 2.46
Cigarettes and Cigars and/or Pipes 361 27 362 26.3 3.48 1.75 1.27, 2.39 83 23.8 57 21.6 15.5 9.87 3.73, 26.0 278 28.2 305 27.4 2.75 1.37 0.98, 1.92
Smokeless Tobacco 13 1.0 25 1.8 1.73 0.9 0.38, 2.07 5 1.4 9 3.4 8.59 2.52 0.41, 15.7 8 0.8 16 1.4 1.23 0.86 0.33, 2.28
Likelihood Ratio Test: χ2 = 22.3 df=4, P <0.001

CI: Confidence Interval df: degrees of freedom; OR: odds ratio

a

All models exclude missing data. Crude models adjusted for matching factors and their interactions. Adjusted models include matching factors, their interactions, and education, fruit and vegetable consumption and total alcohol consumption; Cigarette models also adjusted for other tobacco use; Other tobacco ever models adjusted for duration of cigarette smoking and use of other forms of tobacco.