Table 3.

Mean (standard deviation) length of stay and hospital costs per visit^*

Outcome	Fluid overload (n = 4138)	No fluid overload (n = 125,701)	% increase	P-value
Univariate analysis
Hospital LOS (days)	15.3 (15.1)	11.9 (18.2)	28.6%	<0.001
ICU LOS (days)	4.4 (7.9)	3.0 (7.2)	46.7%	<0.001
Total hospital cost ($)	$56,817 ($59,195)	$37,168 ($53,795)	52.9%	<0.001
Multivariate analysis
Hospital LOS* (days)	12.9 (0.9)	10.0 (0.7)	29.0%	<0.001
ICU LOS (days)	6.0 (0.8)	5.2 (0.7)	12.7%	<0.001
Total hospital cost† ($)	$46,644 ($3433)	$32,582 ($2354)	43.2%	<0.001

Notes:

^*Significant factors in the multivariate model (all significant P < 0.001, unless otherwise indicated): fluid overload, diuretic use; admission through ER (P = 0.01); two or more units of FFP; hospital bed size smaller less than 100 (P = 0.0032); female (P = 0.0031); black (P = 0.002), Hispanic, or other (P = 0.003) group than white; any region relative to West South Central except New England, West North Central, and Pacific (Mountain P = 0.0167); urban versus rural; bleed status

^†significant factors in the multivariate model (all significant P < 0.001, unless otherwise indicated): fluid overload, diuretic use; admission through ER; two or more units of FFP; hospital bed size smaller than 500; black, Hispanic, or other (P = 0.003) group than white; any region relative to West South Central except East North Central or West North Central; bleed status.

Abbreviations: ER, emergency room; FFP, fresh frozen plasma; ICU, intensive-care unit; LOS, length of stay.