Table 3.

Percentage of long-chain fatty acids in liver phospholipids during the peripartal period in cows fed (n = 5/treatment) control, fish oil (FISH), or saturated lipid (SFAT).

Fatty acid†	Treatment	Day				SEM†	P value
		−21	−10	1	11		Diet	Time	D × T‡
16:0	CON	9.47	11.28	12.86	12.90	0.96	0.34	<0.01	0.39
	SFAT	10.58	10.98	12.55	12.12
	FISH	12.55	10.32	13.25	13.33
18:0	CON	30.58α	30.07a,α	27.34a,b,β	27.01γ	1.11	0.62	<0.01	<0.01
	SFAT	31.08α	31.01a,α	26.80a,β	27.65β
	FISH	30.03α	25.59b,β	29.68b,α,γ	28.44α,γ
18:1cis9	CON	0.57	0.82	0.90	0.78	0.11	0.21	<0.01	0.73
	SFAT	0.75	0.81	0.88	0.88
	FISH	0.43	0.70	0.83	0.84
18:1trans11	CON	0.76a	0.91a	0.87a	0.79a,b	0.14	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
	SFAT	0.74a	0.56a	0.86a	0.54a
	FISH	0.37b,α	4.95b,β	1.50b,γ	0.97b,δ
18:2c9t11	CON	0.16	0.20	0.27	0.22	0.02	<0.01	<0.01	0.23
	SFAT	0.14	0.13	0.28	0.16
	FISH	0.07	0.13	0.21	0.17
18:2n-6	CON	9.64α	10.35a,α	13.16a,β	13.15β	0.88	<0.01	<0.01	0.03
	SFAT	9.62α	9.87a,α	13.25a,β	13.45β
	FISH	10.29α	7.09b,β	9.46b,α	13.16γ
18:3n-3	CON	0.93b,α	0.95α	1.37a,b,β	1.24α	0.12	0.49	<0.01	0.03
	SFAT	1.12a,b,α	0.89α	1.64a,β	1.17α
	FISH	1.26a,α	0.79β	1.14b,α	1.28α
20:4n-6	CON	11.76α,β	10.60α	10.92b,α	12.29a,β,γ	0.53	<0.01	<0.01	0.02
	SFAT	11.29α	10.45α,β	9.87a,b,β	11.42a,α
	FISH	11.24α	10.34α,β	9.01a,β,γ	8.82b,γ
20:5n-3	CON	1.43	1.43a	1.44a	1.69a	0.21	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
	SFAT	1.59α	1.51a,α	1.52a,α	2.21a,β
	FISH	1.30α	4.03b,β	4.33b,β	3.94b,β
22:5n-3	CON	0.71	0.68	0.43	0.36	0.07	0.01	<0.01	0.10
	SFAT	0.64	0.65	0.41	0.28
	FISH	0.70	0.93	0.65	0.27
22:6n-3	CON	0.94	0.92a	0.92a	0.89a	0.29	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
	SFAT	0.97	0.84a	0.83a	0.76a
	FISH	0.90α	7.72b,β	7.97b,β	6.58b,γ

Notes:

^†Standard error of the mean;

^‡diet × time interaction.

^a–cDifference (P < 0.05) between diets on the same day.

^α,β,γ,δSignificant interactions (P < 0.05) within a diet and between days.