Table 5.

Relative expression (treatment means, log-2 scale) of genes involved in fatty acid uptake, esterification, desaturation, lipid droplet formation, fatty acid oxidation, gluconeogenesis and cellular energy during the peripartal period in cows fed (n = 5/treatment) control, fish oil (FISH), or saturated lipid (SFAT).

Gene	Prepartum			Postpartum			SEM†	P value
	Control	FISH	SFAT	Control	FISH	SFAT		Diet	Time	D × T‡
Fatty acid uptake/transport
CD36	−0.02a	−0.59a,b,*	−1.48b	0.12a	−1.91b,*	−1.07a,b	0.43	0.06	0.18	<0.01
FABP1	1.34*	1.39	0.99*	1.99a,*	0.99b	1.50a,b,*	0.24	0.20	0.13	<0.01
Esterification, desaturation, lipid droplet formation
DGAT2	1.49a	0.96a,b	0.33b,*	2.09a	1.00b	1.52a,b,*	0.34	0.13	<0.01	<0.05
SCD	−0.43a,*	−4.11c	−2.02b	−1.69a,*	−4.21b	−1.72a	0.38	<0.01	0.22	0.09
PLIN2	2.59	1.97*	1.42*	3.21a	0.97b,*	2.29a,*	0.41	<0.05	0.43	<0.01
PLIN4	−2.57	−2.38	−2.71	−1.90	−3.38	−3.12	0.51	0.45	0.33	0.09
Fatty acid oxidation
ACSL1	3.95a,*	2.88a,b,*	2.72b,*	4.76a,*	2.12c,*	3.40b,*	0.41	<0.01	0.21	0.02
ACOX1	2.71a	2.24a,*	1.22b,*	2.24a,b	1.36b,*	2.48a,*	0.33	0.10	0.9	<0.01
CPT1A	3.08	2.92	2.20	3.54	1.76	2.20	0.71	0.20	0.54	0.14
FGF21	−0.51*	−0.06	1.07	5.55a,*	2.10b	1.08b	1.09	0.33	<0.01	<0.01
Gluconeogenesis
PC	3.57*	3.25	2.83	5.73a,*	2.95b	3.54b	0.53	0.06	<0.01	<0.01
PCK1	3.76*	3.72	3.49	5.13a,*	3.10b	3.21b	0.51	0.17	0.56	0.04
Intracellular energy
UCP2	2.98	2.76*	1.60	1.96	0.76*	1.62	0.67	0.33	0.04	0.04
PRKAA1	3.80	3.59*	2.90	4.19a,b	2.36b,*	2.90a,b	0.50	0.22	0.16	0.01
STK11	4.09	3.78*	2.96	3.57	2.39*	2.81	0.44	0.21	<0.01	0.04

Notes:

^†Standard error of the mean;

^‡diet × time interaction.

^a–cDifference (D × T, P < 0.05) between diets at prepartum or postpartum times.

^*Difference (D × T, P < 0.05) prepartum vs. postpartum within diet.