Table 1.

Summary of Studies Evaluating the Relationship between Alcohol Use on White Matter Integrity in Adolescents

Article	Sample	Sex (%F)	Age Range	Average Number of Days Since Last Alcohol Use M(SD)	Method	Results		Study Limitations
						FA	MD
McQueeny et al. (2009)	14 BG vs. 14 C	14.3	16–19	30.29(10.53) for BG	Whole brain	BG < C in 18 regions	Not reported	Small sample size
Bava et al. (2009)	36 MJ + ALC vs. 36 C	27.8	16–19	43(68.6) for MJ+ALC group	Whole brain	MJ+ALC < C in 10 regions MJ+ALC > C in 3 regions	MJ+ALC < C in 1 region MJ+ALC > C in 1 region	Variable periods of abstinence before scanning Cannot differentiate between effects of MJ and ALC use
Jacobus et al. (2009)	14 C, 14 BG, 14 BG+MJ	16.3	16–19	30.2(10.5) for BG group, 26.1(15.6) for BG + MJ group	Whole brain	BG < C in 8 regions, BG < BG+MJ in 4 regions	No significant differences observed	BG and BG + MJ groups differed significantly on long-term and recent drug use No MJ only group to compare
De Bellis et al. (2008)	32 AUD vs. 28 C	30	13.3- 19.3	63.7(88.2) for AUD group	ROIs	AUD > C in 2 regions of CC	AUD < C in 1 region of CC	AUD group older than controls AUD group had more comorbid psychiatric disorders AUD group had more cannabis use disorders AUD group had more SUD family history
Bava et al. (2013)	41 SU vs. 51 C	31.5	16–20	Not reported	Whole brain	SU > C in 3 regions	SU < C in 5 regions	SU group significantly older than controls Results may be in part due to premorbid characteristics
Clark et al. (2011)	35 SUD vs. 20 C	49.1	14–19	Not reported	ROIs	SUD < C in PFC and parietal lobe	Not reported	Cannot untangle effects of different drugs SUD group had significantly lower IQs
Thatcher et al. (2010)	24 SUD vs. 12 C	50	14–18	12.17(13.07) for SUD group	Whole brain	SUD < C in SLF	No significant differences observed in SLF	SUD group used multiple substances SUD group had significantly higher rates of rates of depressive symptoms and disruptive behaviors

Note: Sample in Thatcher et al. (2010) was a subsample of Clark et al. (2011). Jacobus et al. (2009) includes the same sample as McQueeny et al. (2009) but with an additional BG + MJ group. Participants in McQueeny et al. (2009) were a subset of the controls in Bava et al. (2009). The participants in Bava et al. (2013) overlap with the participants in McQueeny et al. (2009), Bava et al. (2009), and Jacobus et al. (2009), with an additional measurement event 1.5 years later. %F = percent female, BG = binge drinkers, C = control subjects, FA = fractional anisotropy, MD = mean diffusivity, MJ + ALC = marijuana and alcohol users, AUD = alcohol use disorder, CC = corpus callosum, ROIs = regions of interest, BG + MJ = binge drinkers who are also marijuana users, SU = substance-using adolescents, SUD = substance use disorder, PFC = prefrontal cortex, SLF = superior longitudinal fasciculus