. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 2.

Published in final edited form as: J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2011 May;31(4):514–522. doi: 10.1007/s11239-011-0574-9

Table 5.

ESC guide to target INR according to thrombosis risk

Prosthesis thrombogenicity^b	Patient-related risk factors^a
Prosthesis thrombogenicity^b	No risk factor	≥ 1 Risk factor
Low	2.5	3.0
Medium	3.0	3.5
High	3.5	4.0

Patient-related risk factors: mitral, tricuspid, or pulmonary valve replacement; previous thromboembolism; atrial fibrillation; left atrial diameter > 50 mm; left atrial dense spontaneous contrast; mitral stenosis of any degree; left ventricular ejection fraction < 35%; hypercoagulable state.

Prosthesis thrombogenicity: Low = Carbomedics (aortic position), Medtronic Hall, St Jude Medical (without Silzone); Medium = Bjork-Shiley, other bileaflet valves; High = Lillehei-Kaster, Omniscience, Starr-Edwards