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| Flexion plus extension (degrees) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type of spine | Mean ± SD | Range of values |
| Healthy | 46.6 ± 10.8 | 31.0–67.0 |
| Low back pain | 44.8 ± 13.6 | 20.0–62.0 |
| Degenerative | 42.5 ± 10.3 | 28.0–57.0 |
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.
