Table 3. Average primary intersegmental in-plane rotation for all groups in the present study compared with data from previous literature.
| Spine level | Flexion plus extension (degrees) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of spine | Previous literature (author, yr) | |||||
| Healthy | Low back pain | Degenerative | Pearcy et al (1984)9 | Dvorák (1991)3 | White and Panjabi (1990)10 | |
| L1–L2 | 11.8 ± 3.2 | 11.0 ± 2.1 | 10.8 ± 2.6 | 13.0 ± 5.0 | 11.9 | 12.0 |
| L2–L3 | 9.6 ± 3.0 | 9.7 ± 4.1 | 9.9 ± 4.2 | 14.0 ± 2.0 | 14.5 | 14.0 |
| L3–L4 | 12.2 ± 4.5 | 9.9 ± 4.6 | 11.1 ± 3.9 | 13.0 ± 2.0 | 15.3 | 15.0 |
| L4–L5 | 13.1 ± 3.8 | 14.4 ± 5.7 | 10.7 ± 3.6 | 16.0 ± 4.0 | 18.2 | 17.0 |
Note: Pearcy, Dvorák, and White/Panjabi motion values derived from normal asymptomatic volunteers.