Table 1.

Hypothesized Mechanisms of Action in MBRP and Relevant Brain-Behavior Associations

Mechanism of Action	Proposed Process	Hypothesized Brain Areas Involved
Increased present moment awareness	Bottom-up processing of salient stimuli with or without top-down modulation of reactivity	Dorsolateral PFC, anterior cingulate cortex, ventral striatum, insula, amygdala
Improved attentional control	Top-down modulation of attention	PFC, anterior cingulate cortex
Greater self-regulation	Top-down improved inhibitory control	Medial PFC, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex
Increased self-awareness	Bottom-up processing of salient stimuli	Anterior cingulate cortex, insula
Develop and implement new ways to approach discomfort	Top-down modulation of responses to discomfort and decision making	Ventromedial PFC, dorsal striatum, amygdala
Reduced reactivity to substance cues	Bottom-up reactivity	Anterior cingulate cortex, ventral striatum

Note. PFC = prefrontal cortex.