Figure 2.

The temporal sequence of events on P-S cuing and on F-B cuing conditions. The figure illustrates the initial three trials of task runs. C_x, task cue on trial x{x = 1 … 3}; FB_x, feedback stimulus on trial x{x = 1 … 3}; C/FB_x, hybrid cue/feedback stimulus on trial x{x = 1 … 3}; T_x, target stimulus on trial x{x = 1 … 3}; R_x, response on trial x{x = 1 … 3}. CTI, cue-target interval (3 s); RCI, response-cue interval (3 s). Curved arrows indicate the contingencies: C_x-cues inform about possible state transitions, i.e., the currently effective task relative to the task that was effective on the previous trial on the P-S cuing condition; additional FB_x-feedback stimuli inform about the correctness of the response, R_x, on the P-S cuing condition. Specifically, C₁-cues (shown in blue) require set shifts, and FB₁-feedback stimuli (shown in orange) enable evaluating the task-set decision. C/FB_x-hybrid stimuli inform about the correctness of the response, R_x, on the F-B cuing condition. In the absence of other information, this feedback simultaneously serves as contextual information about possible state transitions. Specifically, a set shift is required when C/FB₁-stimuli (shown in blue) signal that R₁ was erroneous, whereas C/FB₂-stimuli (shown in orange) enable evaluating the task-set decision.