Fig. 1.

The physiologic and immune response to LPS administration. LPS was administered at 0h (arrows), and each data point pre- and post-LPS administration represents data (mean and standard deviation) from all baboons measured at a given time: n = 6 for the pre-LPS through 3h period, n = 3 for the 4h through 6h period, and n = 2 for the 22h through 25h period. (A) Heart rate increased after LPS administration and stayed elevated until the following day. (B) Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased slightly after LPS administration and subsequently decreased. Systolic blood pressure normalized after approximately 4 hours, while diastolic blood pressure remained lower until the following day. (C) Rectal temperature increased approximately 4 hours after LPS administration and remained elevated until the following day. (D) Levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) increased after LPS administration. IL-6 levels were measured with both electrochemiluminenscence and immunsorbent assays (see Methods for details). Abbreviations: ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; IL, interleukin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.