Table 5.
ESRD incidence rates and adjusted HRs for ESRD associated with number of ideal health behaviors and health factors
| Number | Participants (%) | N (%) Developing ESRD | Incidence Rate (95% CI) per 1000 person-yr | Model 1 HR (95% CI) | Model 2 HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ideal health behaviors | |||||
| 0 | 6.3 | 16 (8.2) | 23.1 (14.0 to 37.8) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| 1 | 57.4 | 100 (5.6) | 14.4 (11.8 to 17.5) | 0.77 (0.45 to 1.31) | 0.62 (0.34 to 1.12) |
| 2 | 30.4 | 39 (4.2) | 10.1 (7.4 to 13.9) | 0.65 (0.36 to 1.17) | 0.72 (0.38 to 1.37) |
| 3 or 4 | 5.9 | 5 (2.7) | 6.6 (2.7 to 15.8) | 0.51 (0.18 to 1.41) | 1.01 (0.35 to 2.88) |
| Ideal health factors | |||||
| 0 | 33.5 | 78 (7.5) | 19.7 (15.8 to 24.6) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| 1 | 46.0 | 66 (4.6) | 11.6 (9.1 to 14.7) | 0.73 (0.52 to 1.01) | 1.40 (0.98 to 2.02) |
| 2 | 18.4 | 16 (2.8) | 6.8 (4.2 to 11.2) | 0.49 (0.29 to 0.85) | 0.99 (0.53 to 1.86) |
| 3 | 2.1 | 0 (0) | 0 (0 to 0) | a | a |
Model 1 includes adjustment for age, race, sex, geographic region of residence, income, education, and history of stroke and coronary heart disease. Model 2 includes adjustment for variables in model 1, eGFR, and albuminuria (log transformed). Health behaviors include body mass index, cigarette smoking, physical activity, and diet. Health factors include serum glucose, total cholesterol, and BP.
a
HR could not be estimated, because no incident ESRD events occurred in this group.