FIG. 4.

Predifferentiation condition and duration determine the outcome of in vivo tissue-engineered constructs. hESC-derived mesenchymal cells were seeded on the PLGA/PLLA scaffolds and predifferentiated in vitro for 3 weeks with (A) an osteogenic differentiation medium containing β-glycerophosphate or (B) a chondrogenic differentiation medium containing transforming growth factor-β1 (10 ng/mL) before subcutaneous implantation. Constructs were retrieved after 6 weeks and processed for histology and immunostaining as described in the Materials and Method section. Scale bar=50 μm. Color images available online at www.liebertpub.com/tea