Table 1. Characteristics of female nonsmokers.
| Survivors | Nonsurvivors | |||||||
| Unexposed | Moderately exposed | Highly exposed | P-valuea | Unexposed | Moderately exposed | Highly exposed | P-valuea | |
| No. of women | 1687 | 1371 | 1494 | 149 | 77 | 92 | ||
| Ageb (years) | ||||||||
| 40–49 | 369 (22) | 361 (26) | 506 (34) | <0.001 | 5 (3) | 9 (12) | 8 (9) | 0.001 |
| 50–59 | 456 (27) | 490 (36) | 442 (30) | 15 (10) | 19 (25) | 19 (21) | ||
| 60–69 | 641 (38) | 426 (31) | 454 (30) | 72 (48) | 25 (32) | 46 (50) | ||
| 70–79 | 221 (13) | 94 (7) | 92 (6) | 57 (38) | 24 (31) | 19 (21) | ||
| Mean follow-up, months (SD) | 138 (40) | 136 (41) | 132 (45) | 0.001 | 92 (45) | 99 (37) | 90 (42) | 0.33 |
| Body mass index | ||||||||
| <18.5 kg/m2 | 63 (4) | 39 (3) | 43 (3) | 0.14 | 6 (4) | 4 (5) | 5 (5) | 0.29 |
| 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 | 1148 (68) | 931 (68) | 977 (65) | 102 (68) | 52 (68) | 51 (55) | ||
| ≥25.0 kg/m2 | 476 (28) | 401 (29) | 474 (32) | 41 (28) | 21 (27) | 36 (39) | ||
| Alcohol drinking status | ||||||||
| Never | 1355 (80) | 1039 (76) | 1151 (77) | 0.06 | 127 (85) | 61 (79) | 79 (86) | 0.09 |
| Former | 39 (2) | 31 (2) | 32 (2) | 8 (5) | 4 (5) | 0 (0) | ||
| Current, <3 go per weekc | 249 (15) | 263 (19) | 272 (18) | 13 (9) | 11 (14) | 10 (11) | ||
| Current, ≥3 go per weekc | 44 (3) | 38 (3) | 39 (3) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 3 (3) | ||
| Tertiles of dietary energy intake per day | ||||||||
| ≤1163 kcal | 592 (35) | 443 (32) | 452 (30) | 0.07 | 73 (49) | 28 (36) | 34 (37) | 0.19 |
| 1163–1440 kcal | 551 (33) | 461 (34) | 521 (35) | 40 (27) | 23 (30) | 25 (27) | ||
| >1440 kcal | 544 (32) | 467 (34) | 521 (35) | 36 (24) | 26 (34) | 33 (36) | ||
| Time spent walking per day | ||||||||
| <30 minutes | 437 (26) | 380 (28) | 343 (23) | 0.001 | 46 (31) | 32 (42) | 31 (34) | 0.51 |
| 30–60 minutes | 576 (34) | 440 (32) | 459 (31) | 53 (36) | 24 (31) | 28 (30) | ||
| ≥60 minutes | 674 (40) | 551 (40) | 692 (46) | 50 (34) | 21 (27) | 33 (36) | ||
| Self-rated health | ||||||||
| Good | 1129 (67) | 937 (68) | 1019 (68) | 0.60 | 71 (48) | 36 (47) | 47 (51) | 0.91 |
| Mediocre | 265 (16) | 210 (15) | 245 (16) | 25 (17) | 16 (21) | 16 (17) | ||
| Poor | 293 (17) | 224 (16) | 230 (15) | 53 (36) | 25 (32) | 29 (32) | ||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Married | 1614 (96) | 1328 (97) | 1472 (99) | <0.001 | 143 (96) | 76 (99) | 89 (97) | 0.64 |
| Unmarried | 73 (4) | 43 (3) | 22 (1) | 6 (4) | 1 (1) | 3 (3) | ||
| Current job status | ||||||||
| Employed | 916 (54) | 784 (57) | 788 (53) | 0.05 | 57 (38) | 29 (38) | 40 (43) | 0.67 |
| Unemployed | 771 (46) | 587 (43) | 706 (47) | 92 (62) | 48 (62) | 52 (57) | ||
| Education | ||||||||
| ≤9 years | 819 (49) | 658 (48) | 746 (50) | 0.56 | 91 (61) | 41 (53) | 58 (63) | 0.39 |
| >9 years | 868 (51) | 713 (52) | 748 (50) | 58 (39) | 36 (47) | 34 (37) | ||
Exposure indicates exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in homes.
Values are expressed as number (column percentage), unless otherwise indicated.
Because of rounding, percentages may not add up to 100%.
aDifferences among the 3 groups (analysis of variance for mean follow-up months and chi-square test for categorical variables).
bAge at baseline survey in 1994.
c1 go is equal to 180 mL of Japanese sake and contains 22.8 g of ethanol.