Table 2. Risk of prevalent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with active smoking in men.

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Never smokers	1.00 (ref)	—	1.00 (ref)	—	1.00 (ref)	—
Former smokers	1.25 (0.95–1.63)	0.11	1.36 (1.00–1.86)	0.05	1.45 (1.05–2.00)	0.03
Current smokers
Light smokers	0.92 (0.74–1.16)	0.49	0.88 (0.68–1.15)	0.34	1.03 (0.78–1.36)	0.82
Moderate smokers	1.07 (0.87–1.32)	0.53	1.02 (0.79–1.31)	0.89	1.21 (0.93–1.58)	0.19
Heavy smokers	1.85 (1.20–2.85)	0.006	1.76 (1.05–3.00)	0.03	2.29 (1.30–4.03)	0.004

Data are odds ratios (95% CI). Odds ratios (ORs) and P values were derived from logistic regression models.

Model 1: unadjusted model; Model 2: adjusted for age, education status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, use of antidiabetic medication, and dyslipidemia, based on Model 1; Model 3: further adjusted for fasting serum insulin, based on Model 2.