Table 3. Risk of prevalent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with passive smoking (n = 6859).

	Cases	Participants	OR (95% CI)	P value
Men
No passive smoke exposure	175	581	1.00 (ref)	—
Exposure during childhood only	77	254	0.90 (0.61–1.32)	0.74
Exposure during adulthood only	18	66	0.66 (0.33–1.29)	0.32
Exposure during both childhood and adulthood	20	70	0.88 (0.46–1.67)	0.88
Women
No passive smoke exposure	651	2169	1.00 (ref)	—
Exposure during childhood only	315	1095	1.03 (0.85–1.24)	0.36
Exposure during adulthood only	342	1166	1.10 (0.91–1.33)	0.91
Exposure during both childhood and adulthood	426	1380	1.25 (1.05–1.50)	0.02

Data are odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. P values were obtained by logistic regression models adjusted for age, education status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, use of antidiabetic medication, dyslipidemia, and fasting serum insulin. Regarding data on childhood passive smoking, there were 28 missing values among men and 50 missing values among women.