Table 3. Sex-specific, age- and multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs for mortality from liver cancer according to body mass index (BMI) categories at age 20 years (JACC study, 1988–2009).

	BMI at age 20 (kg/m2)					P for trenda	P for overall trendb
	<18.5	18.5–20.9	21.0–22.9	23.0–24.9	≥25.0
Men
No. at risk	1805	9180	10 300	6372	3361
No. of person-years	28 079	148 241	164 069	97 587	48 768
No. of deaths	14	91	115	75	43
Crude death ratec	50	61	70	77	88
Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)	0.78 (0.45–1.36)	0.99 (0.75–1.30)	1	0.96 (0.72–1.29)	1.02 (0.72–1.45)	0.92	0.65
Multivariable HR (95% CI)d	0.74 (0.42–1.29)	0.89 (0.68–1.18)	1	0.92 (0.69–1.24)	0.91 (0.64–1.31)	0.54	0.66
Men with liver disease
No. at risk	170	735	785	474	274
No. of person-years	2249	10 227	11 072	6248	3474
No. of deaths	8	34	48	31	17
Crude death ratec	356	332	434	496	489
Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)	0.86 (0.41–1.82)	0.83 (0.53–1.28)	1	1.02 (0.65–1.61)	0.97 (0.55–1.69)	0.98	0.49
Multivariable HR (95% CI)d	0.91 (0.42–1.97)	0.68 (0.43–1.07)	1	0.98 (0.61–1.56)	0.75 (0.41–1.35)	0.36	0.68
Men without liver disease
No. at risk	1456	7667	8625	5294	2751
No. of person-years	23 539	127 328	141 043	83 287	40 864
No. of deaths	4	48	57	33	22
Crude death ratec	17	38	40	40	54
Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)	0.78 (0.45–1.36)	0.99 (0.75–1.30)	1	0.96 (0.72–1.29)	1.02 (0.72–1.45)	0.85	0.61
Multivariable HR (95% CI)d	0.50 (0.18–1.39)	1.05 (0.71–1.54)	1	0.81 (0.53–1.25)	0.98 (0.60–1.62)	0.76	0.99
Women
No. at risk	4061	12 936	11 996	7364	5098
No. of person-years	64 811	214 456	199 655	122 099	81 143
No. of deaths	20	49	58	37	25
Crude death ratec	31	23	29	30	31
Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)	1.23 (0.74–2.05)	0.90 (0.61–1.32)	1	0.95 (0.63–1.43)	0.77 (0.48–1.23)	0.28	0.25
Multivariable HR (95% CI)d	0.98 (0.58–1.64)	0.85 (0.58–1.25)	1	0.91 (0.60–1.38)	0.73 (0.45–1.18)	0.18	0.49
Women with liver disease
No. at risk	289	721	582	410	302
No. of person-years	3746	10 014	8348	6049	4192
No. of deaths	11	17	28	13	14
Crude death ratec	294	170	335	215	334
Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)	1.04 (0.52–2.10)	0.56 (0.31–1.02)	1	0.64 (0.33–1.24)	0.84 (0.44–1.60)	0.60	0.99
Multivariable HR (95% CI)d	0.91 (0.43–1.94)	0.53 (0.29–1.00)	1	0.61 (0.31–1.21)	0.75 (0.37–1.50)	0.32	0.98
Women without liver disease
No. at risk	3337	11 081	10 396	6311	4253
No. of person-years	55 240	188 811	176 982	106 855	69 299
No. of deaths	9	27	25	20	9
Crude death ratec	16	14	14	19	13
Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)	1.23 (0.74–2.05)	0.90 (0.61–1.32)	1	0.95 (0.63–1.43)	0.77 (0.48–1.23)	0.25	0.14
Multivariable HR (95% CI)d	1.28 (0.59–2.76)	1.24 (0.72–2.15)	1	1.22 (0.68–2.21)	0.62 (0.29–1.34)	0.30	0.13

^aTest for trend refers to a baseline BMI of ≥21.0 kg/m².

^bTest for overall trend refers to a baseline BMI of <18.5 kg/m².

^cMortality rate is expressed as rate per 100 000 person-years.

^dMultivariable adjustment: age, smoking status, ethanol consumption, hours of walking, hours of exercise, frequencies of coffee and fish intake, education level, area of residence, histories of diabetes mellitus, gallbladder disease, blood transfusion, and positive history of liver disease with or without present treatment.