Table 3.

Schematic representation of the time-dependent within-group changes of the biochemical parameters.

Time	08:00h to 12:00h	12:00h to 18:00h	18:00h to 00:00h	00:00h to 08:00h
Glucose (mmol/L)
T2DM	↑	↑	↑	↔
AR	↑	↑	↑	↔
NGT	↔	↑	↑	↔
FFA (mmol/L)
T2DM	↔	↔	↔	↔
AR	↔	↔	↔	↔
NGT	↔	↔	↑	↑
Insulin (pmol/L)
T2DM	↓	↔	↔	↔
AR	↔	↑	↑	↔
NGT	↔	↑	↑	↔
C-peptide (nmol/L)
T2DM	↓	↔	↔	↔
AR	↔	↑	↑	↔
NGT	↔	↔	↔	↔
Insulin/glucose ratio
T2DM	↓		↑	↔
AR	↓	↔	↔	↔
NGT	↔	↑	↑	↔

NGT: subjects with normal glucose tolerance, AR: subjects ‘at risk’ of developing diabetes, T2DM: subjects with type 2 diabetes, ↑: increased, ↓: decreased, and ↔: no change compared to before treatment.