Table 2.
Admission characteristics and PICU outcomes by age groups
| 15–18 years | 19–20 years | 21–29 years | ≥30 years | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic, % admissions (95% CI) | n=9, 105 | n=1, 102 | n=652 | n=100 |
| Origin | ||||
| OR/PACU/procedure suite | 33.2 (32.2–34.2) | 38.7 (35.9–41.6) | 43.3 (39.4–47.1) | 60 (50.2–69.8) |
| Emergency Department | 48.8 (47.7–49.8) | 32.6 (29.8–35.3) | 30.2 (26.7–33.7) | 14 (7.1–20.9) |
| General ward | 11.9 (11.2–12.6) | 20.1 (17.7–22.4) | 16.4 (13.6–19.3) | 14 (7.1–20.9) |
| Another ICU | 1.8 (1.5–2.1) | 2.7 (1.8–3.7) | 2.6 (2.4–3.8) | 2 (0–4.8) |
| Intermediate unit | 1.5 (1.2–1.7) | 1.6 (0.9–2.4) | 1.8 (0.8–2.9) | 5 (0.7–9.3) |
| Chronic/rehab facility | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.4 (0–0.7) | 1.4 (0.5–2.3) | 2 (0–4.8) |
| Outpatient/Home | 2.3 (2–2.6) | 3.8 (2.7–4.9) | 4.1 (2.6–5.7) | 2 (0–4.8) |
| Other | 0.3 (0.1–0.4) | 0.1 (0–0.3) | 0.2 (0–0.5) | 1 (0–3) |
| Reason for admission1 | ||||
| Respiratory | 21.2 (20.3–22.2) | 30.6 (27.5–33.6) | 36.8 (32.6–40.9) | 25.6 (20–32.3) |
| Neurologic | 25.3 (24.3–26.3) | 20.8 (18.1–23.5) | 17.8 (14.5–21.1) | 7.3 (1.6–13.1) |
| Cardiovascular/shock | 14.4 (13.6–15.2) | 19.1 (16.5–21.7) | 22.6 (19–26.2) | 32.9 (22.5–43.3) |
| Metabolic | 13.4 (12.6–14.1) | 8 (6.2–9.8) | 4.8 (3–6.7) | 3.7 (0–7.8) |
| Hemorrhage/coagulopathy | 3.5 (3.1–3.9) | 3.2 (2.1–4.4) | 2.7 (1.3–4.1 | 6.1 (0.8–11.4) |
| Procedure | 1 (0.8–1.2) | 2.5 (1.5–3.6) | 1.9 (0.7–3.1) | – |
| Other | 21.3 (20.3–22.2) | 15.7 (13.3–18.2) | 13.3 (10.4–16.3) | 24.4 (14.9–33.9) |
| Admitted to PICU with >1000 annual admissions | 64.1 (63.1–65) | 72.1 (69.5–74.8) | 80.4 (77.3–83.4) | 90 (84–96) |
| Unplanned admission | 72.6 (71.7–73.5) | 67.8 (65–70.5) | 63.3 (59.6–67.1) | 44 (34.1–53.9) |
| Pre-/post-operative | 37.1 (36.1–38.1) | 41.7 (38.7–44.6) | 47.7 (43.8–51.5) | 60 (50.2–69.8) |
| Trauma2 | 11.4 (10.6–12.1) | 3.5 (2.2–4.7) | 2.1 (0.8–3.4) | 1.5 (0–4.6) |
| Used PPV3 | 25 (23.9–26.2) | 33 (29.4–36.7) | 45.8 (40.6–51) | 49 (34.8–63.2) |
| Disposition | ||||
| General ward | 66.7 (65.8–67.7) | 65.7 (62.9–68.5) | 54.1 (50.3–58) | 38 (28.3–47.7) |
| Another ICU | 1.2 (1–1.4) | 1.8 (1–3.3) | 2.1 (1–3.3) | 3 (0–6.4) |
| Intermediate unit | 8.6 (8.1–9.2) | 9.5 (7.8–11.2) | 14 (11.3–16.6) | 32 (22.7–41.3) |
| OR | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) | 0.4 (0–0.7) | 0.2 (0–0.4) | – |
| Chronic/rehab facility | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 1.2 (0.5–1.8) | 2.9 (1.6–4.2) | 2 (0–4.8) |
| Home | 16.7 (15.9–17.4) | 16.3 (14.1–18.5) | 19.6 (16.6–22.7) | 18 (10.3–25.7) |
| Died | 2.2 (1.9–2.5) | 4 (2.8–5.2) | 6.7 (4.8–8.7) | 6 (1.3–10.7) |
| Other | 3.2 (2.8–3.6) | 1.1 (0.6–1.9) | 0.3 (0–1.1) | 1 (0–5.4) |
| PICU LOS, days, median (IQR) | 1.4 (0.9–2.9) | 1.8 (1–3.9) | 2 (1–4.9) | 2.1 (1–4.3) |
| PICU mortality | 2.2 (1.9–2.5) | 4 (2.8–5.2) | 6.7 (4.8–8.7) | 6 (1.3–10.7) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; LOS, length of stay; OR, operating room; PACU, post-anesthesia care unit; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit; PIM, Pediatric Index of Mortality; PPV, positive pressure ventilation
1
Based on 8,525 (78%) admissions of patients ≥15 years of age from 49 units that supplied primary reason for admission
2
Based on 8,831 (81%) admissions of patients ≥15 years of age from 55 units that supplied the trauma variable
3
Based on 6,443 (59%) admissions of patients ≥15 years of age from 32 units that supplied information on respiratory support