Effects of CpG ODN treatment on Bcl-xl, Bcl-2 and Bax expression levels in B-cell lymphoma cells and primary B cells. CH27 clone 1 and splenic B cells from BALB/c mice were cultured in the absence or presence of 10 µg/ml CpG or GpC ODN for 12, 24 and 36 h. The cells were lysed, and the lysates were analyzed by SDS–PAGE and western blotting. Blots were probed with anti-Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, or anti-Bax antibody. Equal amounts (30 µg proteins/lane) of the cell lysates were loaded. Blots were stripped and probed for tubulin as loading controls. The relative amount of Bcl-xl, Bax and Bcl-2 protein was quantified by densitometry and normalized to the relative amount of tubulin in the same sample. The fold increases of Bcl-xl, Bax and Bcl-2 compared to untreated cells were determined. Representative blots (a) and mean values (±s.d.) from quantification (b) from three independent experiments are shown. *P<0.01 compared to untreated cells. CpG, cytosyl guanosyl; ODN, oligodeoxynucleotide; PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; TLR, Toll-like receptor.