Table 3. Factors associated with discontinuation of DMPA among HIV-infected women in Uganda and Zimbabwe.

Additional factors investigated which were not significant in bivariable models include: living with a partner, education, parity, participant’s behavioral risk, primary partner’s HIV status, alcohol use, coital frequency, severe headaches, breast tenderness, bleeding between periods, abnormal vaginal discharge, current vaginal infection (TV, BV, Candida), current cervical infection (CT or GC), unexplained fever and fatigue that interferes with daily living.

Characteristic	Bivariable HR (95% CI)	p-value	Multivariable HR (95% CI)	p-value
Time-invariant covariates
Uganda	1.00		1.00
Zimbabwe	1.10 (0.75, 1.63)	0.63	0.85 (0.54, 1.34)	0.49
Age at method start (years)
30+	1.00		1.00
25–29	1.08 (0.66, 1.75)	0.77	1.17 (0.71, 1.92)	0.53
19–24	1.05 (0.63, 1.75)	0.85	1.03 (0.60, 1.75)	0.93
Time-varying covariates
Condom use (typical month in last 3 months)
Always	1.00		1.00
Sometimes	0.89 (0.49, 1.63)	0.71	0.86 (0.45, 1.65)	0.65
Never	0.76 (0.46, 1.24)	0.26	0.68 (0.38, 1.21)	0.18
No sexual partner	2.24 (1.22, 4.11)	<0.01	2.00 (1.12, 3.58)	0.02
Primary partner spend any nights away from home in the last 30	0.72 (0.48, 1.07)	0.10	N/A
Nausea	1.94 (1.05, 3.59)	0.04	1.84 (1.02, 3.34)	0.04
Excessive night sweats	2.08 (1.11, 3.90)	0.02	1.80 (0.95, 3.40)	0.07
Loss of appetite or weight	1.89 (0.96, 3.71)	0.06	N/A
CD4 count
≤200 cells/mm3	1.00		1.00
201–499 cells/mm3	0.52 (0.24, 1.11)	0.09	0.58 (0.27, 1.24)	0.16
≥500 cells/mm3	0.57 (0.26, 1.21)	0.14	0.72 (0.33, 1.54)	0.39