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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mech Ageing Dev. 2013 Apr 20;134(0):314–320. doi: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.04.004

Figure 5. The protective effects of spermidine are time- and autophagy-dependent.

Figure 5

Mean EPR signal for superoxide in cultured aortic rings incubated for 1 or 48 h with or without the oxidative stress inducer pyocyanin (10 µM), spermidine (3 mM) or the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (50 µM). Data expressed relative to control condition for each trial. Values are means ± SEM (n = 6 per group). *P < 0.05 vs. control.