Table 2.
Baseline daily nutrient intake profiles of 590 healthy, normal-weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) women in the Framingham Offspring and Spouse Study according to diet quality* (Least squares (LS) means and 95% confidence intervals)
| Nutrient | Framingham nutritional risk score†
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Higher diet quality Tertile 1 (n 197)
|
Tertile 2 (n 194)
|
Lower diet quality Tertile 3 (n 199)
|
||||
| LS mean | 95% CI | LS mean | 95% CI | LS mean | 95% CI | |
| Energy (kJ)‡ | 7297a | 7032, 7561 | 6966a | 6702, 7223 | 6026b | 5762, 6289 |
| Protein (% energy) | 16·7a,b | 16·1, 17·2 | 16·3a | 15·8, 16·9 | 17·3b | 16·8, 17·8 |
| Total fat (% energy) | 33·3a | 32·5, 34·1 | 37·8b | 37·0, 38·6 | 40·7c | 39·9, 41·5 |
| Saturated fat (% energy) | 11·1a | 10·8, 11·5 | 13·1b | 12·7, 13·4 | 14·9c | 14·6, 15·3 |
| Monounsaturated fat (% energy) | 11·7a | 11·4, 12·0 | 13·8b | 13·5, 14·1 | 14·9c | 14·6, 15·3 |
| Polyunsaturated fat (% energy) | 7·9 | 7·5, 8·3 | 8·1 | 7·7, 8·5 | 7·6 | 7·2, 8·0 |
| Carbohydrate (% energy) | 50·3a | 49·3, 51·3 | 43·9b | 42·9, 44·9 | 38·3c | 37·3, 39·3 |
| Fibre (g/4184 kJ) | 17·1a | 16·5, 17·7 | 12·6b | 12·0, 13·1 | 9·0c | 8·4, 9·5 |
| Alcohol (% energy) | 2·0a | 1·3, 2·7 | 3·5b | 2·8, 4·2 | 4·7b | 4·0, 5·4 |
| Cholesterol (mg/4184 kJ) | 209·7a | 194·2, 225·2 | 243·0b | 227·6, 258·4 | 240·0b | 224·6, 255·5 |
| Na (mg/4184 kJ) | 2549a | 2435, 2664 | 2553a | 2439, 2667 | 2344b | 2230, 2458 |
| Ca (mg/4184 kJ) | 762a | 727, 797 | 627b | 592, 662 | 505c | 470, 540 |
| Se (μg/4184 kJ) | 107a | 103, 112 | 100a | 96, 105 | 87b | 82, 91 |
| Vitamin C (mg/4184 kJ) | 137·0a | 130·2, 143·8 | 84·6b | 77·9, 91·4 | 50·1c | 43·3, 56·9 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg/4184 kJ) | 1·8a | 1·7, 1·9 | 1·3b | 1·3, 1·4 | 1·1c | 1·0, 1·1 |
| Vitamin B12 (μg/4184 kJ) | 5·9 | 4·5, 7·2 | 6·7 | 5·4, 8·0 | 4·6 | 3·3, 5·9 |
| Folate (μg/4184 kJ) | 313a | 301, 326 | 215b | 202, 228 | 144c | 131, 157 |
| Vitamin E (mg/4184 kJ) | 9·7a | 9·2, 10·3 | 8·1b | 7·6, 8·7 | 6·2c | 5·7, 6·7 |
| β-Carotene (μg/4184 kJ) | 4735a | 4246, 5224 | 3359b | 2873, 3846 | 2057c | 1570, 2544 |
Mean values within a row with unlike superscript letters were significantly different (P< 0·05).
The general linear model (GLM) procedure in SAS (analysis of covariance) was used to obtain age-adjusted means for continuous variables and to identify subgroups that differed significantly. This set of analyses used Bonferroni’s correction for each variable.
The risk score was calculated from the consumption of nineteen nutrients (protein, carbohydrate, fibre, Ca, alcohol, total fat, polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, Na, Se, vitamin C, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folate, vitamin E, (β-carotene, total energy), which were ranked for each woman in the sample.
To convert kJ to kcal, divide by 4·184.