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. 2013 Jul 3;2:8. doi: 10.1186/2046-2530-2-8

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Copyright © 2013 O'Connor et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Analysis of ciliary movement in the kidney. (A) Sstr3::GFP-expressing cilia in kidney proximal tubules in a live mouse. Image is the average fluorescence over 40 s displaying the full range of motion of the cilia. (B) Three dimensional confocal rendering of the sweep of a single cilium over time. The wall of the tubule is indicated by a dashed line and direction of fluid flow by the arrow. (C) Graphic representation of the cilium sweep in (B) measuring the total angle traveled and the proportion of time the cilium spent in each 10^th of the total path during an oscillation cycle. Calculations based on (D) and (E). (D) Fast Fourier Transform analysis of the motion of cilia showing a uniform 4.58 Hz oscillation. (E) Line-scan of the fluorescence intensity along the path swept out by the tip of the cilium in (B).