Table 2.
ICU characteristics
| All ICUs (n = 292) | Adult ICUs (n = 264) | Pediatric ICUs (n = 28) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tertiary teaching hospital |
145 (50) |
119 (45) |
26 (93)* |
| French hospital |
256 (88) |
229 (87) |
27 (96) |
| Mixed medical/surgical ICU |
205 (70) |
181 (69) |
24 (86) |
| Beds per ICU (mean ± SD) |
14 ± 8 |
14 ± 8 |
13 ± 5 |
|
ICU design and equipment (available in each room) | |||
| Single-occupancy rooms only |
200 (68) |
191 (72) |
9 (32)* |
| Natural light |
194 (66) |
176 (67) |
18 (64) |
| Adjustable light intensity |
230 (79) |
209 (79) |
21(75) |
| Call device |
235 (80) |
216 (82) |
19 (68) |
| Phone |
76 (26) |
70 (26) |
6 (21) |
| Television |
173 (59) |
152 (58) |
21 (75) |
| Radio |
112 (38) |
97 (37) |
15 (54) |
| Date |
33 (11) |
32 (12) |
1 (4) |
| Time |
198 (68) |
183 (69) |
15 (53) |
|
ICU organization | |||
| Patient to nurse ratio ≤ 2.5 |
145 (50) |
126 (48) |
19 (68)† |
| Patient to nurse’s aide ratio ≤ 4 |
181 (62) |
170 (64) |
11 (39)† |
| Full-time psychologist |
24 (8) |
15 (6) |
9 (32)* |
| Visiting time (/day) |
|
|
* |
| <4 h |
129 (44) |
129 (49) |
0 (0) |
| 4-12 h |
111 (38) |
108 (41) |
3 (10) |
| 13-23 h |
9 (3) |
5 (2) |
4 (14) |
| 24 h |
43 (15) |
22 (8) |
21 (75) |
| Visits from children |
|
|
|
| Strictly forbidden |
16 (5) |
13 (5) |
3 (0) |
| With restrictions |
240 (82) |
217 (82) |
23 (82) |
| Without restrictions |
36 (12) |
36 (12) |
2 (7) |
| Gown required for visitors |
162 (55) |
141 (53) |
21 (75)† |
| Pictures and personal objects allowed |
280 (96) |
253 (96) |
27 (96) |
| Nonverbal means of communication |
205 (70) |
192 (72) |
13 (46)† |
| Care activities often or always planned for family participation |
30 (10) |
13 (0.5) |
17 (60)* |
| Nurse-driven analgesia protocol | 124 (42) | 115 (43) | 9 (32) |
Results are given as n (%) unless otherwise specified.
*p < 0.001 vs. adult ICUs; †p< 0.05 vs. adult ICUs.