Figure 3. Effects of carnosine on Aβ1-42 fibril morphology: length and height analysis of deposited aggregates.

(A) The fibril contour length distributions were calculated based on Atomic Force Microscopy measurements (grey and red bars refer to absence and presence of carnosine, respectively). Fibril sizes are grouped by length range (nm), while length distributions are reported as relative (%) frequency groups of the total number of measurements (n = 206 for Aβ1-42 and n = 202 for carnosine co-incubated samples; see table related to figure A for statistical details). (B) The mean values of the total fibril length measurements are reported for fibrils detected in the absence (grey bars) or presence (red bars) of carnosine (*** p<0.0001; unpaired t test). (C) Height digital data were obtained by scanning areas of 5×5 µm from Aβ1-42 alone (grey bars) and carnosine co-incubated samples (red bars), using the Nanoscope Software 7.3 roughness routine (* p<0.05; n = 5; unpaired t test).