Table 2.
Differences in characteristics according to diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes based on the oral glucose tolerance test and the haemoglobin A1c level
|
Type 2 diabetes |
Nondiabetic |
HbA1c |
OGTT only |
p-value for HbA1c vs. OGTT only |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (OGGT-/Hba1c-)n = 894 | (HbA1c+)n = 31 | (OGTT+/HbA1c-)n = 19 | ||
| FPG in mmol/l a |
4.9 (4.6–5.3) |
6.7 (5.5–7.4) |
5.7 (5.3–6.5) |
<0.05 |
| 2 hour PG in mmol/l a |
5.2 (4.4–6.3) |
9.2 (5.9–12.8) |
12.0 (11.4–12.4) |
<0.05 |
| HbA1c in %a |
5.6 (5.3–5.8) |
6.8 (6.6–7.1) |
5.9 (5.6–6.3) |
0.06 |
| HbA1c in mmol/mol a |
38 (34–40) |
51 (49–54) |
41 (38–45) |
0.06 |
| Age in years |
43.4 (35.0–50.3) |
46.0 (38.3–56.3) |
48.7 (43.1–52.3) |
0.43 |
| Male |
350 (39.1) |
12 (38.7) |
10 (52.6) |
0.72 |
| BMI in kg/m2 |
25.5 (23.0–28.2) |
28.6 (25.4–29.9) |
27.9 (24.8–30.0) |
0.68 |
| Waist circumference in cm |
87.2 (80.3–95.0) |
97.2 (90.0–102.3) |
92.0 (88.3–100.0) |
0.35 |
| Systolic blood pressure in mmHg |
124 (114–136) |
134 (117–144) |
125 (118–143) |
0.67 |
| Diastolic blood pressure in mmHg |
80 (73–88) |
86 (82–96) |
82 (74–94) |
0.20 |
| Insulin in pmol/l |
70.8 (47.9–100.7) |
120.1 (75.0–190.0) |
128.5 (90.6–195.0) |
0.63 |
| HOMA-s in %b |
75.4 (53.5–108.7) |
44.5 (28.2–67.9) |
40.7 (27.2–59.0) |
0.67 |
| HOMA-b in %b |
119.3 (93.2–152.0) |
112.5 (70.9–138.5) |
122.9 (91.5–180.3) |
0.17 |
|
Prediabetesc |
Non-pre-diabetic |
HbA1c |
OGTT only |
p-value |
| |
(OGTT-/HbA1c-),n = 479 |
HbA1c +)n = 353 |
(OGTT+/HbA1c-)n = 62 |
|
| FPG in mmol/l*a |
4.8 (4.5–5.0) |
5.2 (4.9–5.6) |
5.6 (4.9–5.8) |
<0.05 |
| 2 hour PG in mmol/l a |
4.9 (4.2–5.8) |
5.9 (4.8–7.2) |
7.0 (5.4–8.2) |
<0.05 |
| HbA1c in %a |
5.4 (5.2–5.5) |
5.9 (5.7–6.0) |
5.4 (5.2–5.6) |
<0.05 |
| HbA1c in mmol/mol a |
35 (33–37) |
41 (39–42) |
36 (33–38) |
<0.05 |
| Age in years |
40.1 (31.1–47.1) |
48.1 (41.3–53.4) |
46.0 (39.4–52.1) |
0.19 |
| Male in % |
163 (34.0) |
154 (43.6) |
32 (51.6) |
0.06 |
| BMI in kg/m2 |
24.7 (22.2–27.3) |
26.5 (24.1–29.6) |
26.5 (23.4–29.3) |
0.74 |
| Waist circumference in cm |
83.7 (77.2–91.0) |
90.5 (84.9–99.1) |
92.2 (84.7–99.6) |
0.66 |
| Systolic blood pressure in mmHg |
120 (110–131) |
128 (118–142) |
129 (117–137) |
0.61 |
| Diastolic blood pressure in mmHg |
77 (71–84) |
82 (76–90) |
81 (75–88) |
0.26 |
| Insulin in pmol/l |
67.4 (45.1–95.1) |
79.1 (54.2–116) |
79.9 (62.5–116.5) |
0.54 |
| HOMA-s in %b |
79.2 (57.9–117.5) |
67.2 (46.7–98.4) |
65.6 (45.4–83.1) |
0.47 |
| HOMA-b in %b | 122.3 (96.2–156.0) | 113 (81.1–151.2) | 112.7 (85.5–138.3) | 0.43 |
Data are presented as medians (interquartile range) or n (percentages).
aVariables on which the classification of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes was based.
bHOMA-s and HOMA-b were determined from FPG and insulin levels (pmol/l) with the HOMA Calculator (University of Oxford) [16].
cAll participants with type 2 diabetes according to either HbA1c or OGTT were excluded from the analyses for prediabetes.
BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin A1c; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; PG, plasma glucose.