Table 7. Phylogenetic ANOVA of calcaneal elongation residuals (see Table 1: Res A) and distal calcaneal length residuals (see Table 1: Res B) for extant and subfossil prosimian species means from PGLS line based on “all primate” sample including posthoc comparisons.

Data	grp	tree	λ	df	MS	F	P	SC/T v AQ	SC/T v VCL/L	AQ v VCL/L
Res A	All	1	0.991	63	0.055	11.6	<0.0001	−0.107 (−4.6/0.0001)*	−0.112 (−3.6/0.0006)*	−0.004 (−0.163/0.87)
Res B	All	1	0.990	63	0.275	2.47	0.07	−0.115 (−2.2/0.035)	−0.109 (−1.6/0.123)	0.007 (0.105/0.92)
Res A	Anth	1	0.960	33	0.036	4.22	0.012	−0.078 (−2.9/0.007)*	−0.036 (−1.0/0.323)	0.042 (1.32/0.195)
Res B	Anth	1	0.739	33	0.028	5.35	0.004	−0.085 (−1.9/0.055)	0.052 (1.06/0.298)	0.137 (3.14/0.004)*
Res A	Pros	1	0.993	27	0.027	30.16	<0.0001	−0.298 (−6.4/<0.0001)*	−0.340 (−7.6/<0.0001)*	−0.042 (−1.18/0.248)
Res B	Pros	1	1.000	27	0.258	6.17	0.002	−0.389 (−2.5/0.018)*	−0.525 (−3.15/0.001)*	−0.136 (−1.16/0.256)
Res A	Pros	2	1.000	27	0.00023	32.8	<0.0001	−0.279 (−6.2/<0.0001)*	−0.353 (−8.1/<0.0001)*	−0.074 (−2.46/0.020)*
Res B	Pros	2	1.000	27	0.00262	9.038	0.0003	−0.327 (−2.2/0.037)*	−0.582 (−4.0/0.0004)*	−0.254 (−2.54/0.017)*
Res A	Pros	3	0.993	27	0.0278	30.75	<0.0001	−0.282 (−6.1/<0.0001)*	−0.347 (−7.8/<0.0001)*	−0.065 (−2.13/0.042)*
Res B	Pros	3	1.000	27	0.317	7.58	0.0008	−0.334 (−2.18/0.038)	−0.548 (−3.72/0.0009)*	−0.214 (−2.14/0.041)

Column abbreviations: df, degrees of freedom; MS, mean squared error within groups from ANOVA; F, F-statistic for ANOVA; P, probability of significant between groups variance for ANOVA. For each cell of the post-hoc comparison first the difference between group means is given. Then in parentheses the t-value/p-value for a students paired sample t-test is given. Correction for multiple post hoc comparisons using a sequential Dunn-Šidák correction for k = 3 comparisons and α = 0.05 (Initial α′ = 1- (1 - α)^1/k =0.0169. If smallest P-value ≤0.0169, then for the second smallest P-value, α′ = 1- (1 - α) ^{1/(k−1) =}0.026. If the second smallest P-value ≤0.026, then α′ = α = 0.05 for last P-value). Asterisks denote a significant P-value.