Appendix 1.

Dependent and independent variable definitions

Variable	Definition
Smoke-free home	Respondent who is living under smoke-free home are defined as those who reported “never” to the following question: How often does “anyone” smoke inside your home? This does not include areas outside such as patios, balcony, garden, etc. that are not fully enclosed.
Smoke-free workplace	Respondent who is working in smoke-free workplace are defined as those who are not exposed to SHS at workplace. Individual who is exposed to SHS at workplace are those who answered yes to the following question: during the past 30 days, did anyone smoke in indoor areas where you work. This is among respondents who work outside the home and usually work indoors or both indoors and outdoors.
Current tobacco smoker	Person who currently smokes any tobacco product, either daily or occasionally. Smoking tobacco products include bidis, manufactured and hand-rolled cigarettes, pipes, cigars, hookah, water pipes, and other locally produced smoking tobacco products, e.g. chuttas, dhumti and chillum.
Current smokeless tobacco user	Person who currently uses any smokeless tobacco product, either daily or occasionally. Smokeless tobacco product include chewing tobacco products, such as, betel quid with tobacco, khaini, gutkha, paan masala, and other products like mishri, mawa, gul, bajjar, gudakhu, snuff, etc.
Number of people in the household	Indicates how many people live in the household of the respondent. This is the answer to the following question “in total, how many persons are living in this household?”
Age	Respondent's age
Gender	Respondent's gender
Education	Answer to the question “highest level of education”. Categorised into five levels (1) no formal education (2) primary school completed (includes answer “less than primary school completed”, “primary school completed”) (3) secondary school (includes answer less than secondary school completed, secondary school completed, (4) Higher secondary school completed (5) College/university and above (includes college/university completed, and post-graduate degree completed)
Occupation	Defined as respondents' occupation in last 12 months. Categorised into two categories (1) employee (include those answer government employee, and non- government employee) (2) self-employed.