Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Tob Control. 2012 Jan 24;22(5):308–314. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050203

Table 2.

Employee characteristics by region

All Americas Eastern Europe Asia Africa
N 936 269 235 338 94
Age 26 (22– 32) 28 (23– 38) 25 (22– 31) 25 (21– 31) 26.5 (23– 32)
Men 50 56 23 61 62
Education
   < High School 14 9 0.4 27 13
   High school 50 48 55 42 66
   > High school education 37 43 44 31 22
Bartenders/waiters 62 59 62 65 53
Hours per week at work 48 (40– 60) 40 (27– 50) 51 (40– 65) 54 (48– 63) 60 (48– 72)
Smoking status
   Never smoker 59 39 60 69 89
   Former smoker 7 14 7 4 2
   Current smoker 33 47 33 29 9
Living with a smoker
    Yes 46 40 60 51 10
    No 54 60 40 49 90
Support smoke-free policies
    Yes 57 57 52 60 61
    No 33 32 42 29 26
    Does not matter 10 11 6 11 13
Prefer work in smoke-free places
    Yes 78 72 78 83 82
    No 9 11 10 9 0
    Does not matter 13 18 12 9 18
Hair chemical treatment
    Yes 46 36 54 50 43
    No 54 64 46 50 57
Hair nicotine (ng/mg)
    Never-smokers 1.8 (0.6– 6.0) 1.6 (0.3– 5.1) 1.2 (0.5– 3.9) 2.3 (0.8– 7.6) 1.9 (0.3– 6.5)
    Former-smokers 1.1 (0.4– 4.4) 1.0 (0.2– 4.0) 0.7 (0.4– 1.6) 2.7 (1.1– 8.0) 2.2 (0.1– 4.4)
    Non-smokers 1.7 (0.5– 5.5) 1.3 (0.3– 4.8) 1.1 (0.5– 3.6) 2.4 (0.9– 7.7) 1.9 (0.3– 6.4)
    Current smokers 6.0 (1.6– 16.0) 5.0 (1.3– 14.6) 1.8 (0.7– 6.6) 13.2 (4.5– 26.1) 7.1 (4.6– 16.8)

Values represent percent or median (interquartile range)