Table 1.

Sample characteristics (N= 423)

	Mean ± SD or N (%)
Age, years	63 ± 12
Gender
Male	283 (66.9%)
Female	140 (32.7%)
Marital Status
Single/divorced/widowed	146 (35.1%)
Married/co-habitating	270 (64.9%)
Ethnicity
White	242 (57.2%)
Minority	181 (42.8%)
NYHA class
I/II	182 (43.0%)
III/IV	241 (57.0%)
Charlson Comorbidity Index	3.1 ± 1.8
Ischemic etiology of HF	297 (70.2%)
Psychological factors
Perceived control	26.1 ± 5.1
Health-related quality of life	44.1 ± 24.5
Anxiety	0.7 ± 0.7
Depressive symptoms	0.8 ± 0.8
Medications
ACEI or ARB (n=419)	361 (86.2%)
Beta Blocker (n=419)	355 (84.7%)

Note. NYHA=New York Heart Association; HF= Heart Failure; ACEI = angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker