Brain activations correlated with pain modulated by the mean expectation, without incorporating the hyperalgesic effect of uncertainty, including bilateral anterior insula (x = −54, y = 8, z = 6; x = 50, y = 10, z = 8), anterior cingulate cortex (x = 4, y = 20, z = 34), and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (x = 36, y = 44, z = 34; x = −36, y = 48, z = 24).