Table 2.

Trends in Obstetric Inpatient Quality and Patient Safety Indicators between 2000 and 2009 by Geographic Region For Black and White Women

Quality Indicator*	Region	2000		2009		Change 2009 vs 2000
		Whites per 1000	Blacks per 1000	Whites per 1000	Blacks per 1000	Whites %	Blacks %	P
Primary cesarean delivery (IQI 33)	Northeast	136.5	167.7	187.1	212.8	37.0	26.9	0.892
	Midwest	111.3	111.7	170.9	185.2	53.5	65.7	0.896
	South	138.2	152.7	206.9	219.7	49.7	43.9	0.940
	West	107.1	139.8	167.4	204.6	56.4	46.4	0.458
Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery, all (IQI 34)	Northeast	267.3	277.1	80.7	132.3	−69.8	−52.3	0.837
	Midwest	291.5	370.8	66.9	115.9	−77.0	−68.7	0.555
	South	229.8	270.5	57.2	86.3	−75.1	−68.1	0.498
	West	337.6	273.7	96.9	87.6	−71.3	−68.0	0.367
Obstetric trauma (lacerations without instrument) (PSI 19)	Northeast	46.4	25.9	25.1	14.3	−45.8	−44.8	0.005
	Midwest	47.1	20.1	24.4	8.3	−48.2	−58.5	0.001
	South	42.6	23.3	25.2	12.9	−40.9	−44.9	0.002
	West	38.2	22.1	21.8	11.5	−42.8	−48.1	0.051
Birth trauma – injury to neonate† (PSI 17)	Northeast	2.1	3.6	2.6	1.9	28.4	−48.1	0.309
	Midwest	1.3	2.2	2.0	1.4	49.8	−37.6	0.526
	South	2.1	2.9	2.5	2.2	23.2	−21.8	0.311
	West	3.3	2.7	1.8	1.2	−45.1	−53.8	0.545
Neonatal in-hospital mortality	Northeast	2.3	7.8	2.3	6.7	−0.4	−13.9	0.256
	Midwest	2.1	7.5	1.9	6.1	−9.4	−18.8	0.098
	South	3.0	5.9	2.0	7.1	−30.8	20.3	0.839
	West	2.5	6.7	2.4	4.4	−3.6	−35.0	0.120

Maternal in-hospital mortality (cannot be reported according to Nationwide Inpatient Sample guidelines because of low numbers)

IQI, inpatient quality indicators; PSI, patient safety indicators.

^*All quality indicators risk adjusted by age, comorbidity, and disease-related group as specified by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

^†Comparison between 2004 and 2009 (due to changes in International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision coding in 2003).