Table 3.

Estimated Parameters for School Engagement Measures Across 400 Imputed Data Sets

Outcomes	Behavioral Engagement		School Belonging
	Estimates	SE	Estimates	SE
Intercept
Average initial status at transition year for promoted (γ000)	3.38*	0.08	3.38*	0.09
Average difference between retained and promoted (γ010)	0.05	0.14	0.07	0.14
Quadratic
Average quadratic acceleration/deceleration on pre-transition for promoted (γ300)	−0.01	0.08	−0.03	0.21
Average quadratic acceleration/deceleration on post-transition for promoted (γ400 )	−0.03	0.16	−0.03	0.16
Average difference between retained and promoted on quadratic acceleration/deceleration pre-transition (γ310 )	0.01	0.12	0.07	0.25
Average difference between retained and promoted on quadratic acceleration/deceleration post-transition (γ410)	0.11	0.37	0.10	0.37
Conditioned Linear
Average linear slope on pre-transition for promoted (γ100)	-0.08*	0.04	−0.09	0.11
Average linear slope on post-transition for promoted (γ200)	0.05	0.08	0.04	0.08
Average difference between retained and promoted on linear pre-transition slope (γ110)	0.06	0.11	0.18	0.19
Average difference between retained and promoted on linear post-transition slope (γ210)	−0.21	0.27	−0.23	0.26
Covariate
Gender (γ020)	−0.32	0.24	−0.29	0.24
Transit grade (γ030)	0.06	0.26	0.06	0.26
Random Effects
Residual, σ2 (etip)	0.46		0.26
Between student-level variance, τ00 (R0ip)	0.25		0.15
Between propensity-matched group variance, τ000 (u00p)	0.01		0.00

Note.

^*p < .05 (two-tailed).

Gender was coded as 1 for boys (54.4%) and 0 for girls. Transit grade was coded as 1 for Grade 6 (74.5%) and 0 for Grade 5.