Table 4.

Mean Values and Absolute Change in Financial Hardship with Medicaid Coverage.^*

Variable	Mean Value in Control Group	Change with Medicaid Coverage (95% CI)†	P Value
Any out-of-pocket spending (%)	58.8	−15.30 (−23.28 to −7.32)	<0.001
Amount of out-of-pocket spending ($)	552.8±1219.5	−215.35 (−408.75 to −21.95)	0.03
Catastrophic expenditures (%)‡	5.5	−4.48 (−8.26 to −0.69)	0.02
Any medical debt (%)	56.8	−13.28 (−21.59 to −4.96)	0.002
Borrowed money to pay bills or skipped payment (%)	24.4	−14.22 (−21.02 to −7.43)	<0.001

^*Plus–minus values are weighted means ±SD. Where means are shown without standard deviations, they are weighted means. The effect of Medicaid coverage was estimated with the use of two-stage least-squares instrumental-variable regression. All regressions include indicators for the number of household members on the lottery list, and all standard errors were clustered on household. All analyses were weighted with the use of survey weights. The sample was all 12,229 survey respondents.

^†For variables measured as percentages, the change is expressed as percentage points.

^‡Persons with catastrophic expenditures had out-of-pocket medical expenses that exceeded 30% of their household income.